Safety, Health and Environmental Risk

For most people, the words safety, health and environment risk would automatically be synonymous with occupations involved in industrial and mechanical factories, chemical labs, or construction sites. Although these factors may be more common in such work settings, the truth is safety risks and hazards also exist in a regular office or work place. The risks however, manifests in the form of biomechanical-related stress and injuries. This includes lower back injury, carpal tunnel syndrome, and repetitive strain injury among many others. Such types of physical stress can result to fatigue and pain which may then cause the worker to perform poorly and even be unproductive. This paper will discuss various types of biomechanical and ergonomics-related injuries in the workplace. It will also tackle the causes as well as their negative effects on the workers. Consequently, this paper also aims to give recommendations on how to effectively and efficiently address this problem. A regular work desk at a typical office may seem like a hazard-free and safe work environment. However, several studies showed that prolonged and sustained work posture may result to various musculoskeletal disorders. Injuries include repetitive strain injury, carpal tunnel syndrome, and cumulative trauma disorder among many others. In fact, Bureau of Labor Statistics report that cases of ergonomic disorders are now rapidly growing in figures. According to researches, occupational illnesses as well as musculoskeletal disorders increased from 18 percent in 1985 to a staggering 56 percent in 1991 (University of Maryland 2008). Today, these numbers continue to rise as more and more workers experience physical strain in the workplace. According to the Occupational Health and Safety Administration there are over 647,000 cases of work-related injuries to date. Apart from this, occupational injuries account for more than $20 billion of the workers’ compensation costs (USA Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1996). There are several types of biomechanical or ergonomic disorders. One of which is the carpal tunnel syndrome. The carpal tunnel syndrome or median neuropathy is a type of physical strain generally associated with computer workers. It is one of the most common types of work related injuries primarily because of the widespread use of computers. Reports show that about 50 percent of computer workers experience this disorder’s symptoms frequently. This condition roots from the overuse and repetitive manual activities such as typing which causes the median nerves to be compressed in the wrists. Indivuals with this condition would usually feel numbness, muscle weakness, and sometimes even pain in the hands, arms, and fingers. Some patients even feel a pronounced pain or sensations at night. As this injury progresses, the person may feel cramping and weakness in the hand. It can also lead to a decrease in grip strength. Sharp pains will also be frequent as it will cause the patient to suffer (Medicine. net, 2009). Lower back injury is another common type of musculoskeletal disorder in the work place. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, about 20 percent of occupational injuries are back injuries. Further, about a quarter of the employment compensation claims are back injury (USA Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1996). This condition is often attributed to incorrect sitting postures. Office workers are especially vulnerable to this injury primarily because they retain their sitting posture for hours. Apart from the posture, office equipments also contribute to this condition. Poorly designed chairs or computer table can highly affect the posture of the user. Sitting in such chair for long hours can easily result to lower back pains. Cumulative trauma disorder of the upper extremity is another type of ergonomics- related disorder. Similar to carpal tunnel syndrome, this condition is a result of repetitive manual work. This causes the body, such as the fingers, shoulders, and neck to feel pain. Recent researches show that cases of cumulative trauma disorder of the upper extremities have increased over the years. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health even categorizes this condition as†one of most significant occupational health problems today†. This is due to the fact that cumulative trauma disorder of the upper extremities account for about 56 percent of work-related injuries (Melhorn 1996, p. 1264). Cumulative trauma disorder of the upper extremities, carpal tunnel syndrome, and lower back injuries are all caused by excessive physical load. In the research work entitled â€Å"Biomechanical Aspects of Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorder†, Robert Radwin et al. (2002) explained that the terms â€Å"physical load† or â€Å"load† would refer to the physical stress acting on an individual’s body (Radwin et. al. , 2002, p. 153). Similarly, physical stress is the physical quality that makes up both the internal and external factors. This includes kinetic force, kinematics, oscillatory, and thermal. Kinetic force would refer to the voluntary motions exerted against an external object such as pounding or string an object. This type of pressure would then create a strain on the tendons and ligaments in the body. An increase pressure or force would result to a greater level of stress (Radwin et. al. , 2002, p. 156). Kinematics refers to the motions or movements that position the body. An uneven or unbalanced motion could cause angular displacement. This in turn, could create stress and load on the nerves as well as in the blood vessels. Consequently, oscillatory force creates pressure and load to the body. Oscillatory or external vibrations affects the not only the musculoskeletal system but also the body’s vascular and nervous system. Temperature of thermal measurement also plays an essential role to the performance and dexterity of an individual. Long exposure to cold environment for instance, can decrease the strength as well as the sensibility of the muscle. Most of these loads are affected by external factors such as the work place, office furniture, and energy sources among many others. Biomechanical factors like motions, exertions, body position, and forces also contribute to the physical load endured by the body. (Radwin et. al. , 2002, p. 154). Musculoskeletal disorders also come from various activities, repeated and accumulated over time. Thus, individuals such as employees or workers who are exposed to as much as eight hours daily, experience work related disorders such as carpal tunnel syndrome and back injuries. This is largely because of the long and repetitive activities that are transferred through the different parts of the body which then creates an internal load ands stress on the tissues, nerves and ligaments. The combination of external and internal stress can add much stress on the ligaments and connective tissues of the body. Studies reveal that constant exposure to loads and stress can cause damage to the muscles and nerves. One way of reducing this external stress is through ergonomics. Ergonomics is the science that deals with engineering machines and equipments in order to reduce stress on the human body. At the same time, it is also intended to increase human productivity by eliminating discomfort and fatigue (Answers. com, 2009). Ergonomically designed office and workplace furniture such as work desks, tables, chairs, and computers can effectively reduce the load on the human body. According to studies, ergonomic furnishings in the workplace do not only reduce the level of stress among workers, but it also optimizes and increases productivity. Studies also reveal that there is a significant increase in efficiency levels as well as the quality of service in ergonomic-friendly companies. Employees also feel more motivated as they experience less stress and suffer fewer pains. A recent study conducted by Michael Smith and Antoinette Bayehi (2003) showed that an ergonomic controlled office increased the performance of call center workers by 50 percent. Over all, a total of 4. 87 percent of output increase was recorded among the control group (Smith and Bayehi, 2003, p. 16). Similar increase in productivity was also recorded in a research conducted in a silicon chip plant showed a 400 percent growth in productivity. This increase involves an increase in man hours as well as a decrease in work errors (Relating Productivity to Ergonomics, 2009, p. 3). Apart from productivity, studies and researches also reveal that companies who have decided to switch to ergonomically designed furnishings saved thousand of dollars in terms of compensation and insurance cost. A recent study showed that a steel company who redesigned their observation pit was able to save as much as $150,000 (Ergoweb, 2009). With such benefits, it is only fitting that companies should address their work-related problems through ergonomics. This means considering essential office equipments such as tables, chairs, and computers. An office chair for instance, plays an important part in any office environment. This is because almost all employees spend their working hours sitting in their work desks. As such, a chair’s height, width, depth, and back rest should carefully be considered. The chair’s height should be adjustable or it should measure from 16 to 20 inches. This will allow the user to comfortable place his feet flatly on the ground. When it comes to seat width, it is essential that the chair provides enough space so that the user will be able to seat comfortably. The standard width for most office chair is 17 to 20 inches. This leaves the user with enough space or room so that he or she can seat in ease (Ergonomics Safety Program, 2009). The back rest is also an important part of an ergonomic chair. Thus, the back rest should at least be 19 inches wide. Also, the chair should have a lumbar support that adapts to the curvature of the user’s back. An arm arrest should also be present as this will allow the user’s shoulder and arms to relax. Other factors such as the swivel function and the seat material must also be considered. The swivel function will allow the user to move around in his or her work desk with ease and comfort. Likewise, the chair’s material should be soft enough so that the worker will be able to seat and work comfortably. The office desk or table is an office furniture that requires to be ergonomically designed. Along with the chair, the work desk is used by most office employees for long number of hours. Therefore, it is important that the work desk allows the users to frequently stretch in order to prevent muscle cramps and pain. The table’s height should be at least 23 to 33 inches. An adjustable table is also recommended so that the user’s forearms are parallel to the floor. Similarly, the work space should provide enough leg space in order for the user to come close to the desk as possible (Ergonomics Safety Program, 2009). The work desk should also have enough room for the user to work properly. A writing surface of about 16 to 20 inches should be provided. Document holders and drawers are also necessary. Material-wise, it is important for the work desk to have a matte finish. This will eliminate the glare from the computer. Desks with rounded corners are also recommended in order to prevent the arms or wrist from coming in contact with square or sharp edges. The positioning of the computer in the work desk is equally significant. The computer monitor should be placed directly in front of the user. This means that the top of the screen must be parallel to the user’s eyes. Apart from this, the monitor should be positioned in such a way that there is very minimal reflection and glare (Ergonomics Safety Program, 2009). The computer keyboard on the other hand, should be placed in such a way that the user will be able to reach it without extending his upper arm. The forearms of should also be aligned floor so that the wrists will not bend while typing. This can be addressed by selecting a keyboard that can be adjusted and tilted. When typing, the arms should hang loose or it should rest comfortably in the desk to prevent the muscles in the shoulders from cramping (Daniels, 1996). Likewise, the computer mouse must be placed at the same area as the keyboard. This means that the click button of the mouse is aligned properly with the keyboards. Utilizing a mouse tray with trackballs can permit the user to use the mouse with ease and comfort. This will also allow the wrist to relax while staying in a neutral position (Daniel, 1996). Although ergonomically designed work equipments can reduce the risks of occupational injuries and disorders, it is still important to remember that this alone, cannot make up for bad practice. Employees and workers must also be aware of the proper measures in order to reduce stress and injury. One way of doing this is to educate the employees about the seriousness and risks of office-related injuries. This can be done through seminars and workshops about office and workplace safety. Memos and reminders about work place safety should also be frequently posted in the workplace. Distributing fliers and brochures about ergonomics-related injuries can also help spread awareness. At the same time, the management should also set an example to the employees by following all the safety measures. Informing the employees about the different consequences as well as the benefits of this issue will allow them to be aware about this looming workplace problem. More importantly, this will encourage the employees to take the proper measures to prevent work-related injuries from happening.

Billing System Essay

Overview of the Current State of Technology â€Å"Information is a source of learning. But unless it is organized, processed and available to the right people in a format for decision making, it is a burden not a benefit†. – William Pollard Enrolment serves as a vital part in the life of every student upon entering schools, either public or private. It gives students the impression on how the whole institute manages and manipulates the entire body. Moreover, enrolment serves as the first experience of all students by which he/she takes part in the school’s activities. The billing system is one of the major parts of an enrolment system. A billing system is a system  designed to handle time and billing tracking as well as invoicing customers for services and products. It is very essential to the enrolment process because it involves the registration of students, computation of school fees and safe keeping of records. Implementing an automated billing system will increase the productivity of employees while decreasing the labor cost because the school won’t need many employees to handle the enrolment process. It can also boost the popularity of the school because of having such technology. Most importantly, an automated billing system reduces the risks of miscomputation, recording errors and loss of records. In line with this, the proponents are proposing the development of a prototype automated billing system for Dear Jesus Montessori School to assess whether automated grading was feasible, economically viable and as accurate as the manually computing system which they are currently using. 1. 2 Background of the Study Dear Jesus Montessori School, Inc. is a private school founded by Engr. Jesus V. Garcia. It is located at 888 Old National Highway, Sto. Cristo, Pulilan, Bulacan. It offers Casa (pre-elementary), elementary and high school classes. It is a non-stock, non-profit educational institution, committed to form a Christ-centered community of disciples, serving God and his people through academic excellence, moral righteousness, dynamic leadership and social participation. DJMS envisions young men and women deeply rooted in the DJMS tradition of â€Å"All for the Glory of God† which enabling them to dedicate their time, talent and resources for the good of man and nation in the montessori method of learning. It was in the year 2002 when Dear Jesus Montessori School was founded by Engr. Garcia, a developer and businessman from Baliuag, Bulacan. In spite of being a busy man, he takes time in learning God’s word. He himself is a preacher. He has been invited in different places to conduct bible study where he generously shares his wisdom about the true God. One night, he had a dream about God. In his dream, God talked to him and asked him to build a school. In an instance, he found himself working for what the Lord has wanted. Successfully, he has finished with his work and with God’s grace; the school has been operating for ten years now. DJMS is still using a manual system for their enrolment process. From the admission of students to the payment of bills were done manually. This makes the transaction prone to errors and vulnerable to security breaches. Implementing a computer-based enrolment system will help solve or at least lessen the problems encountered during enrolment. The system will be able to make transactions easier and more accurate. It can also produce various reports that will help the administration in managing the school, thus, making DJMS one of the top schools with regards to enrolment system which can even result to increase in student enrollees. 1. 3 Statement of the Research Problem

Paper 2 about old spice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Paper 2 about old spice - Essay Example The campaign was re-launched, this time with Isaiah Mustafa answering messages from fans and consumers in real time via YahooAnswers, Facebook, and Twitter. Using sex appeal and humor for entertainment, this ad was targeted at women since the company believed that women are the decision makers when it comes to purchasing household goods in the store. The campaign was very successful, especially in the generation of interest on social media. However, it also led to heated debate about whether the use of branded entertainment as means of communicating with the target audience could drive sales by resonating with them. This paper will use the Elaboration Likelihood Model in analyzing and describing how it is used in the ad, as well as why the model fits with the strategy and message of the campaign. To do this, the paper will first provide an overview of the theory, after which the model will then be applied to the ad campaign. While the concept of persuasion has gained a bad reputation because of its association with being pressured or swindled, it is not inherently negative and should also be considered as a process of influencing audiences (Petty et al, 2012). For example, Perloff (2014) argues that persuasion is, indeed, a form of communication and that it needs one party to send a clear and strong message to another. In addition, persuasion is also an attempt to influence another party and, in this case, understanding the audience, as well as what drives them, increases the likelihood that this attempt will succeed. Moreover, persuasion also uses interactions and aesthetics to make messages more persuasive to audiences. Finally, persuasion also influences and reinforces attitudes based on the assumption that the opinions of the audience should be strengthened over time. One of the most popular and cited persuasion models is Petty and

Theme For English B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Theme For English B - Essay Example civil war in Sierra Leone, as witnessed through the eyes of a child soldier victim; introduction of the readers to the contextual and historical setting of the story is important because it facilitates interpretation of the unfolding narrative. This story presents the narrator in New York City in 1998, years after he fled the civil war in his country Sierra Leone; the conversation that occurs between the narrator and his friends at school reveals that the narrator has suffered the horror of having to witness things that he shouldn’t have at a tender age. The story also serves to build suspense and anxiety in the readers to carry on with the story, to unfold the mysteries alluded to in the passage; in other words, this piece of story raises numerous questions in the readers’ minds, which can only be answered by reading the full story. For instance, readers are curious to know that the war was about and the role of the narrator in the war; in that case, readers are anxiou s to read the entire story, to find out the exact events that transpired in Sierra Leone, forcing the narrator to run for his life finally arriving in New York City. The first page of chapter one further builds on the effect of this passage by providing details of the stories that were told by passersby about the war in other places away from the narrator’s home. The first page gives a snapshot of the entire story by alluding to the stories of the fleeing refugees, and their horrendous experiences in war torn zones; this page gives an overview of the events that are about to unfold in the next chapters, thereby arousing readers interest. Adults in families fleeing the war zones are described as having witnessed things that plagued their minds because they appeared disoriented and lost in their own thoughts during conversations. Their kids, on the other hand, were still to recover from the shock they had suffered in their homes, having to witness despicable things in the war torn zones; these

Remembering about Fort Lauderdale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Remembering about Fort Lauderdale - Essay Example Soon we are at the Fort Lauderdale airport. We check in at a hotel and because is the only noon our restless spirits cannot come to peace with the quietness of the surroundings with go out in the town and start shopping. I am not good at bargaining and the concept of savings has never touched me. I am single and have no responsibility, why save? I am shopping with my friend, buying expensive jewelries, shoes, clothes, souvenirs, for myself. After weariness of shopping we are having an amazing dinner at some Latino restaurant, listening to the music of live guitar player is giving me Goosebumps. It is like this that we spend the first night.My other friends are arriving today and we are picking them from the airport. On the way to the hotel they dare me to race a car in which a couple of boys are rashly driving. We are so thrill-seeking and adventurous. I am about to over take them when the truck coming from the opposite lane suddenly comes into the view and I am forced to swerve at t he last moment. The swerve caused the car to drive over something on the road bursting the tire. Stopping on the side we called for assistance with the rental company sending us a new car. Recovering from the shock we all start laughing! Imagine how careless and irresponsible we are.On the third night we are at Miami, we are having the time of our lives here. We are celebrating Smeja's thirtieth birthday, in the famous Mango bar. We have spent more bucks at the shopping, and ultimately are running out of money by the end of the trip.... We are celebrating Sneja's thirtieth birthday, in the famous Mango bar. We have spent more bucks at the shopping, and ultimately are running out of money by the end of the trip. The beach parties are fabulous and the city on the whole is amazing. I was on a summer break from my work and study at that time. I wanted to become a famous fashion designer like Donna Karen. I was very ambitious. But today when I am thirty four, and I look myself in the mirror wearing a long skirt, with a belt and a soft elegant black shirt with a sports coat on holding my sixteen month old son ready to go in children's museum; I see a very different me from what I aspired to be back then. I run a household and a family, in my free time I am doing small crafts with knitting and sewing which I try to sale on a craft shows. Each one of my projects carries a message of blessing for the person who buys it. I am settled, more serious and more determined to do some good into this world by making small differences. My family and designs are my life now. I get spiritual satisfaction by doing it in this stage of my life, running after the worldly materialism is not everything. I am performing my duties as a mother to the best of my abilities, and looking after my home and husband as a wife should. I hope I am successful with the project at hand. Sources: About Fort Lauderdale. City of Fort Lauderdale. Retrieved on 2007-10-28. Website:

Website Design. User Experience and Usability Essay

Website Design. User Experience and Usability - Essay Example 4). Interaction design is likewise defined as an aesthetic facilitation between human beings and products or services that are perceived with certain ‘awareness’ due to the microprocessors that can sense and respond to tabs and keys used as prompts and commands (Saffers, 2007, p. 4). Being engineered to respond to human beings, there are embed rules, methods, and scientific contextual nuances targeted at responding to problems and circumstances (Saffers, 2007, p. 4). With the recent influx of collaborative media, information technology and its software become essential in practicing ‘digitally mediated practices’ through collaborative action based on â€Å"cross-medial infrastructures (Parviainen, Tuuri, & Pirhunen, 2013, p. 103).† Computers for instance became more functional and have increasing became a necessity for daily use because it is engineered with disciplined design, structures, and communicative processes that are truly instrumental for in teraction and for online discourse (Parviainen et.al., 2013, p. 103). This is developed by people who invented interactive technology to hasten the â€Å"reduction of physical action and cognitive load of users (Lowgren & Reimer, 2013, p. 86).† ... ion technology-dependent persons because ideas evolved into digitized realities that have seemingly traced realities into digital forms (Moggridge, 2006, p. 1). Such is significant because it has scaled up entrepreneurial design for the development of technology (Moggridge, 2006, p. 1). For instance, a person, as a user of computer and or of the online social network, or of software programs embed in it will certainly be able to appreciate it when user is able to read and understand the methods and its application. These logical systems and methods or approaches must be read well to fully enjoy its functionality. Gube (2010) explained that user experience refer to the interfacing of system or a website generally detailing on human-computer interaction (p. 1). At its maximum, a tech experience can appreciate its utility if the technology can interact with human factors, produce accessibility, make use of it for marketing, do ergonomics and bolster system performance (Gube, 2010, p. 1) . As such, the web can be valued of its efficiency, services and creative functionalities (Gube, 2010, p. 1). Must be user-centered Gube (2010) asserted that the web engineering must be user-centered or must be tailored sensitively in accordance to the needs of the users or subscribers (p. 1). Gube (2010) defined user-centered design as technological architecture that is design to fit to the needs of users (p. 1). Business experts contended that a product can only jibed with utilitarian value when products are developed to answer the needs of clients or the market (Gube, 2010, p. 1). The sales of these goods cannot be appreciated when it lacks value and is bereft of meaning for clients (Gube, 2010, p. 1). That’s why technologies these days are modelled by its usefulness, multi-tasks

The topic should be related to the field of quarantine Research Paper

The topic should be related to the field of quarantine - Research Paper Example (DeLisle 2004) Measures corresponding to those employed aligned with the plague have been adopted to fight against the illness termed the Great White Plague, i.e. tuberculosis, and in modern times many countries have set up administrator entities for the classification and control of infections. (Rothstein 2004) This paper will demonstrate the state of quarantine in US and worldwide in terms of ethical perspective and legal regulations. Furthermore, the paper will guide us through the history of quarantine and will offer in depth overview on the subject. This paper will talk about U.S. state government conclusions considering components of quarantine and one-by-one privileges, if and when the government can become engaged, and the stress between state government and government. Background Children and mature individuals often trial to assertion that they are ill in alignment to stay dwelling from school or work for a day. Though, when a individual is authentically ill for any time sp an of time, the respite or even delight of residing dwelling rapidly dissipates, rotating into a yearn for normalcy. (Gerson 2005) What occurs when an individual is forbidden from departing dwelling or another location of confinement, even when that individual conceives that he is no longer ill? In the uncommon example of quarantine, the government can force a individual to stay confined even if the individual yearns to leave. (DeLisle 2004) For the reasons of this paper, quarantine is characterized as when the government or a government entity, a board of wellbeing, policeman head, or the National Guard, constrains a individual to a specific geographic position due to that one-by-one having or being revealed to a contagious disease. Discussion Quarantine is a critical assess that is not to be utilized for every freezing or virus, but rather for farthest outbreaks of particularly contagious infections for example tuberculosis or bioterrorism-related attacks of infections for example smallpox or anthrax. (Gerson 2005) Those quarantined are unable to take part commonly in every day life as they will not depart their quarantined position without permission. (Rothstein, Mark, et al 2003) Bioterrorism is neither a new observable fact neither one that is probable to go away in beside future. Historical administration for quarantine arises from the concept that a public wellbeing agreement, under which individuals acquiesce to decline certain privileges and liberties, if essential, to avert an important risk to other persons. (Sapsin, Jason, et al 2004) This agreement is not only between a one-by-one civilian and the government, but furthermore amidst people to each other. Without defense of wellbeing, security and security, persons will not relish numerous of the individual and financial freedoms that we have arrive to take for granted. In alignment to accomplish these goals, humanity should come to a balance between the extremes of entire defense of public wellbein g without any defense of one-by-one privileges and total defense of one-by-one privileges at the total cost of public health. The equitable circulation of advantages and burdens would illustrate a befitting balance of public wellbeing and one-by-one privileges, a mark of an attractive public wellbeing policy. (Gerson 2005) After investigating the U.S. management of quarantine, Canada's

Bowlby Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bowlby - Essay Example This is where the process of coming up with the attachment theory came in. he watched the behavior of the children keenly and how they behaved when they were left by their mothers (Rachel 78). This theory of attachment came to bring confusion with another theory known as the behavioral theory of attachment which Dollard and Miller had come up with in the year 1950. The theory had underrated the bond of a child and a mother. The behavioral theory stated that the child became attached to the mother for the reason that the mother fed the child. Bowlby suggested that attachment was adaptive and it plays a major role in the surviving of the child. He said that the infants feel the need to be close to the people who take care of them when they are stressed up. The stages of attachment go by the age of the child. When the child is 3 months old most children respond well to all people that take care of them this is referred to as indiscriminate attachment. 4 months there is preference for certain people. 7 months preference to a specific person and after nine months there is multiple attachments where the baby becomes independent (Jerry

Explains all that we have learned our class Essay

Explains all that we have learned our class - Essay Example At first, we understood the major importance of hospitality laws. The knowledge of hospitality laws isn’t just a piece of information, but it is an important part that professionals and students must know to avoid heavy fines, negative publicity, and lawsuits. All the managers, employees, and staff members must be aware of all these laws. We were taught in this semester that hospitality laws have a wide range of implications that must be known and followed in order to avoid breaking state and federal laws. book serves as a handbook for professionals and everyone in this business as the subject is well distributed in chapters and units, updated examples are given, and cases are explained that cover a wide range of possibilities. hospitality industry, the main importance is given to the safety of the customer. Food safety laws are essential and it is important to have the knowledge of how to store and clean food to keep the customers satisfied and safe. This would avoid fines and lawsuits. Safety laws can also include the fire safety laws where the hotels must meet the guidelines on fire safety. Such laws and the following of them enhance the public image of the business and increase the customer base. Customers also feel safe as they rest easy and have the trust that the hotel would protect them in cases of fire and provide hygienic clean food (Morris & Cournoyer 23). Hospitality laws also enable the businesses to protect their reputation. Some of the contemporary hospitality laws introduced in the textbook and in class are discriminatory laws, employment laws, and access to disabled patrons. There must be no discrimination against customers or employees on the basis of their race, religion, sex, disability, or age. This leads to a negative impression and negative public image. Managers and employers must also respect the workers despite their background and avoid discrimination at workplace of any kind. They are

Certificate training and assesment tafe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Certificate training and assesment tafe - Essay Example Questions RESULTS Assessor to complete shaded areas: S NYS Questions relevant to all TAE40110 design field units 1. In your own words explain what Vocational Education and Training (VET) is and describe its key features. Explain key principles of how competency-based training and assessment (CBT/A) works. 1. Answer: Vocational Education and Training (VET) is a higher educational training delivered by further institutions, which provides people with occupational or work related knowledge and skills that is however not a degree or higher level programs. The three (3) features of the training program is that it industry led, national and client focused. By industry led, it means the program is focused on employers and people who are already in industry work. For this reason, the whole program is defined by representatives in the industry. This means that the program may serve as an in-service training, career enhancement program or career option for people who will want to switch their careers. By national, it means the program is government accredited and so it is carried out throughout the entire Australia. It is not only accredited by government but also managed by the state or government. The program is client focused because it serves the immediate needs of clients as long their job demands are concerned. The program is conducted in a flexible manner that meets the working needs of clients. This means that it considers the working conditions of workers so that training programs are not fixed at times that will ne inconvenient to clients who may be working already. The key principles on which the CBT/A works is includes the fact that i. The program focuses on what a person can do not how they learn to do it: This means that the primary aim of the program is to see a client who completes the course with an ability to undertake a certain competency without necessarily judging the way by which the person acquired those competencies. This brings to the fore, the i ssues of flexibility in training acquisition. The format for training is so flexible that a client may choose whatever learning strategy that works will for him. As far as organisers are concerned, the end justifies the means and that end should be the acquisition of a competency level. ii. Criteria-reference assessment: This principle talks about the uniformity in the assessment procedure for the program. Competency-based assessment focuses on giving all participants assessment based on criteria outlined by the relevant competency standards. iii. Recognition assessment: This is to say that the program recognises prior learning experiences and current competency of candidates and assesses them based on these current competencies. The program therefore places premium on prospective candidates with previous experiences and encourages that. iv. Flexible and personalised delivery: The program focuses on the relevancy for the client. It aims at meeting the employability needs of the clie nts. The program is also delivered to meet the occupational needs of clients. The assessment process also reflects the needs of the clients. It is therefore not surprising that two different RTOs will undertake the same course for different client groups and the assessments for the two groups will be different. v. Immediate application: Accessibility to application is easy and they are based only on skills needed by

Of Mice and Men Main Question Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and Men Main Question Essay The question we are focussing on throughout the whole essay, which is the main theme, is whether Curleys wife is a victim in the story or a tramp. The two different sides of Curleys wife are hard to determine in Steinbecks Mice and Men, as she tends to swap roles from time to time. At points in the story we have reason to believe that that she is a victim, from the way she feels about Curley and her unattained future, which I will explore further on in the essay. I will also put across my points on how she can be a corrupting tramp by exploring her physical appearance, body language and other characters opinions of her. From Steinbecks letter we can see that she couldnt really trust anyone from a young age because every time she trusted in anyone she got hurt. This shows her innocent side. There are not many points in Steinbecks letter that show that she is a corrupting tramp as he tends to mainly focus on her innocent side and he goes through all the times she got hurt and why she got hurt. I will now go on to explain my points in further detail. In this section I will explain how Curleys wife could be an innocent victim in her life and in the eyes of others. She is the victim of the American Dream, her desire to go to Hollywood and be an actress, which was a dream that she could not fulfil because of her mother denying her to leave at such a young age. On page 125 she proves that she really could have been an actress by the text stated She made a small grand gesture with her arm and hand to show that she could act. The fingers trailed after her leading wrist, and her little finger stuck out grandly from the rest. This small quote shows how talented she could have been and it makes you feel heartbroken that she couldnt fulfil her dream. From then on she has been crestfallen and cannot trust anyone, this shows her innocent side. She was told by a man that he could put her in the movies; she was thrilled as she wanted to be a famous actress and be sexy like Jean Harlow and Marilyn Monroe but when her mother said she couldnt go she opted for an easier option to get out of where she was by marrying Curley. She says in the text on page 125 I dont like curley, he aint a nice fella which proves that she was forced to get married to him as it was the last option. Because Curley was the easiest and possibly the last option, he didnt actually love her and just wanted to use her. She knew this and even though he treated her badly, she couldnt leave him as she did love him. Even if she didnt she had nowhere else to go so she was basically trapped in her own home. Her life with Curley is miserable which makes her even more upset about not being able to fulfil her dream and have freedom. In the story she confesses to Lennie the one thing that shes never confessed to anyone, that she doesnt actually like Curley and that she cant escape for fear of what might happen. You can see from this that she just needs someone to talk to as she is so lonely and cant really confide or talk to Curley about anything. The people on the ranch give her the same amount of respect that Curley does. When they call her or see her around the ranch they dont associate her with her own name, to them shes just Curleys wife and they call her Jailbait and Good looking. You can tell she gets frustrated by having no one to talk to when she gets angry on page 123 and says Whats the matter with me? Aint I got a right to talk to nobody? Whatta they think I am anyways? In the story we dont even find out what her name is which shows how much attention she gets for her looks instead of her personality which is where she wants most attention. From this we can see that she just wants someone to talk to. On the other hand there are main features we can see in the text that describe her to seem like a corrupting tramp. Looking at the way Steinbeck describes her physical appearance we can see how at first impressions she would come across as sluttish. For a start, he describes her outfit. On page 53 when she first appears the first impression would definitely come across as tramp- like as he says She had full rouged lips and wide spaced eyes, heavily made up. Her fingernails were red. She wore a cotton dress and red mules. On the insteps of which were little bouquets of red ostrich feathers. The dress and feather shoes give us a glance of how she wants to accentuate her body and her legs and its almost like shes trying to prove that she could be a famous model and have pictures taken of her if shed have had the chance to. The colour of the dress and shoes are red which propose danger as we usually approach red as a threatening colour. So from the start we can she that she is going to be trouble for George and especially Lennie due to previous circumstances with him and a girl. Her hair is described as ringlets like sausages which is good use of foreshadowing as Lennie is described as an animal, and food is used as bait for animals therefore she literally is Jailbait. She wears lots of makeup to accentuate her facial features; this is another reason why she could be a corrupting tramp. The first time she walks into the ranch she leans against the door and leans forward to show off her body to Lennie and George, on page 53 Steinbeck states She put her hands behind her back and leaned against the door frame so that her body was thrown forward. With her accentuated make up and clothing she fails to receive a notice for her feelings and for her emotions and they only concentrate on the way she looks which tells George from the start that she is going to be trouble as she throws herself forward too much for attention. In the way she speaks you can hear the sexiness and huskiness of her voice, as described on page 53 when Steinbeck says Her voice had a nasal, brittle quality which shows us that she wants to entice people or entrance them. To conclude I think it is important to include the death scene where Steinbeck describes her as being free and innocent after her death. He describes her in a child like form and finally being beautiful and achieving everything she needed to achieve because she was just in the wrong place at the wrong time. This really finalises my decision for her being innocent because it shows that she really wasnt ever, or didnt ever mean to be, a corrupting tramp. Her excuse for wearing slutty and provocative clothes could be because she wanted love and affection which she couldnt get from her own, broken relationship with Curley. She was just in the wrong place at the wrong time, and it wasnt her fault. My conclusion is that I think she is innocent because of previous points that I have made and stated.

Groupon Case Study Essay Example for Free

Groupon Case Study Essay Groupon has grow from 400 subscribers to 60 million subscribers world wide within five years, it’s fastest growing company in history. Groupon stands for group coupon that requires certain amount of subscribers to sign up for the deal. Moreover, there is a daily deal for local or national business, people can easy to use and redeem, so it raises the possibility for people to sign up. Furthermore, the most significant thing that Groupon is running based on the Internet, so it’s easy for people to discover and shop. Wherever the people are, they can just use their smartphone to check if there has any deal near them. 2. The Groupon Promise is an important rule for customer. Customer can return any Groupon they purchased if they don’t feel satisfied with the products, even if they used, there is no question ask. Therefore, people don’t need to worry about whether they will waste their money if they buy the products they don’t like. There is no risk taken for any customer. 4. There are possible psychological and sociological influences the Groupon consumer purchase decision process. Due to the recession, people have tried to save money, so people who are interested in other coupon websites, they may be also interested in Groupon. Moreover, after customers have used Groupon for several times, Groupon have begun personalizing deal for their customers. This process offers deals for customers that they are more likely to be interested in and purchase. Furthermore, every deal on Gropon websites will show customers how many other customer have purchased, so people won’t think they are the fist person to try the product, and take the risk. When customers see there are a lot of people buying this product, they may think it may be a good product, and I should get one. It enhances the customers to purchase, and quantity that company sells. 5. There are three challenges for Groupon in the future. First, there are customers who are dissatisfied with Groupon, or buy the Groupon and never use it. They are looking for regular customers. In order to solve this issue, I think Groupon need to evaluate the reason why people are not satisfied with their products. They need to control the quality they sell because it can affect or even ruin their reputation. Second, Groupon has difficulty on growth in the USA. There are more deals in US, but they don’t have many customers in here. I think Groupon need to discover what people really need to raise the sale in US. Even though they have more customers abroad than here, US citizens still have a stronger buying power than other countries. Finally, Groupon are competing with other coupon websites. I think Groupon need to keep their current customers by personalize their deals, and sending any promotion if customers have spent certain amount of money. Also, they need to attract more new customers such as giving a coupon, so people can use a free coupon to buy a coupon or products. No mater those customers will be regular customers or not, when they start to use a free coupon, they start the business with Groupon, and they are potentially be the regular customers in the future.

Relationship Between VO2 Max And Gender Physical Education Essay

Relationship Between VO2 Max And Gender Physical Education Essay Within the exercise world the most widely accepted measure of cardiovascular fitness is VO2 max. Also known as maximal oxygen uptake, VO2 max is defined by Albernethy et al (1996) as the maximum amount of oxygen than can be absorbed and transported to working tissues for use within the body. This literature also states that athletes with a high VO2 max are typically know to be endurance athletes whereas athletes with a lower VO2 max are classified as either power or sprint athletes. Whilst relationship between types of exercise and VO2 max are clearly defined, the relationship between VO2 max and gender is still a topic which is widely debated within the exercise world. After reviewing literature from Martin et al (1991), Rowland et al (2000) and Suth (2005) it is evident that males have a higher VO2 max than that of females, regardless of age. Despite this, all articles indicate that body composition and cardiac size are both major determinants of VO2 max. Rowland et al (2000) found that in adolescents, VO2 max is higher in males in both absolute terms and relative to body mass. Interestingly, at the age of 18 males have a 75% greater VO2 max when expressed as an absolute value as opposed to a 25-30% higher VO2 max relative to body mass (Rowland et al, 2000). As we venture into adulthood, females are said to have a body fat content which is 1.7 times greater than males and as a result there is a noteworthy gender difference in VO2 max when looking at absolute values (Suth, 2005). However, when looking at VO2 max relative to lean body mass the differences between genders are reduced by almost 50%. In the study conducted by Martin et al (1991) groups of sedentary and trained men and women were tested for VO2 max. The result yielded from the experiment indicate that males had a greater VO2 max both relative to body mass and when compared to the study groups. The aim of the current study was to conduct a two submaximal cardiovascular fitness tests on a sample of mixed gender university students in order to examine the relationship between VO2 max and gender. Two submaximal fitness tests, namely the Astrand-Ryhming step test and YMCA Protocol test were used in order to obtain the results and perform the analysis between genders. Method Subjects The study consisted of a total 83 participants, who were recruited from the faculty of human movement studies during laboratory sessions, which included 42 males and 41 females. Each of the participants was required to complete two fitness tests which aimed at determining their maximal oxygen uptake or VO2 max. Prior to undertaking the fitness tests each participant recorded their gender, age, height and weight by means of classification and analysis upon the tests completion. This data, represented as mean  ± standard deviation (SD), is as follows. Males (42) mean  ± SD: Age 19.07  ± 3.85 yrs, Height 181.39  ± 6.36 cm, Weight 76.88  ± 8.87 kg. Females (41) mean  ± SD: Age 18.28  ± 1.73 yrs, Height 181.39  ± 6.36 cm, Weight 60.05  ± 6.93 kg. In addition the participants were grouped into groups of 2-3, along with recording their 85% HR max for testing purposes. Testing Protocols Prior to the conduction of the Astrand-Ryhming step test and YMCA Protocol test, various conditions of testing were followed in order to ensure the same standard and validity of testing between groups. It was expressed that participants were to have not participated in heavy exercise nor have had and stimulants or heavy means in the four hours prior to testing. Also it was mentioned that participants were to be well hydrated and wearing clothing and footwear appropriate for physical activity. Finally, it must be noted that in ideal circumstances, temperature and humidity levels should be standardised. Astrand-Ryhming step test: For this test participants were required to set up steps at specific heights of both 40cm (males) and 33cm (females). In order to complete the test correctly the subjects had to step up and down on the platform at a rate of 22.5 complete ascents and descents per minute. This translated to a 4count on a metronome set at 90 beats per minute (bpm). Each participant was required to step for 6 minutes with their heart rate (HR) being recorded at the end of each minute. It was expressed that the test was not to exceed 10 minutes and the test be stopped if the HR exceed 85% HR max. The test was deemed completed when the difference between the final two values was less than 6 bpm. Upon completion of the test the Astrand-Ryhming nomogram was used to estimate the participants VO2 max. YMCA Protocol test: For this particular test, participants were required to cycle for multiple intervals of three minutes according to a modified guide which was based on the participants HR. In order to ensure that the bike was at a comfortable height, students had to adjust the height of the cycle ergometer so that the knee was slightly flexed at the bottom of the downstroke. At the beginning of the test the student was required to pedal at 50 revolutions per minute (rpm) by means of warm up. The first workload on the ergometer was set at 25 watts (W) which the participant cycled for three minutes with their HR being recorded for the last 15 seconds of the 2nd and 3rd minutes. After the first three minutes had been completed the HR from the 2nd and 3rd minutes was analysed to determine the work-rate (WR) category for the remainder of the test, ensuring that the HR for this period differed by no more than 6. The participant then had to continue riding moving to subsequent WR after every three minutes u ntil the successive HR differed by no more than 6 bpm. The test was concluded when the participant had at least two WR with corresponding steady state heart rates between 110 bpm and 85% HR max. Data Collection Procedures The data collection process for the Astrand-Ryhming step test required participants to record their HR at 1 minute intervals until the steady state had been reached and the test completed. This raw data was used in correlation with both the participants weight and Astrand-Ryhming Nomogram to find their Raw VO2 max (L.min). For the YMCA Protocol test a chart was used whereby HR was plotted against WR. Firstly a horizontal line was drawn where the subjects age-predicted HR max lies. Secondly the HR from the last minute of each of the last two WR was plotted against the corresponding WR. Next a straight line is drawn joining these two values as well as intersecting the line of the subjects age-predicted HR max. From this point a vertical line was drawn downwards which intersected the work-rate and VO2 scales below the horizontal axis consequently determining the subjects VO2 levels (L.min). Data Analysis Procedures For the Astrand-Ryhming step test, the subjects age determined VO2 max was predicted by using the age correlation factor table which was located in the age correction factor for determination of predicted VO2 max table and multiplying it by the Raw VO2 max levels. Further analysis was conducted by converting this value from L.min to ml.kg.min in order express VO2 max relative to body mass. Like the analysis procedure for the Astrand-Ryhming step test, the relative body mass VO2 max was also determined for the YMCA Protocol test. This method differed from the Astrand-Ryhming step test as the age correction table was not used; instead age was incorporated into the graph for plotting HR against WR. Results After completion of the two sub-maximal fitness tests it was evident from the tests that males (49.09  ± 11.48) as a whole group recorded a higher VO2 max level in the YMCA Protocol Test as opposed to females (46.42  ± 11.81). Despite this, when analysing results for the Astrand-Ryhming step test it was discovered that as an entire cohort, females (48.26  ± 10.51) recorded an average higher VO2 max than their male (47.66  ± 8.04) counterparts. In addition, it is evident that males (H: 181.39  ± 6.36 cm, W: 76.88  ± 8.87 kg) have a higher average height and weight as opposed to women (H: 164.34  ± 26.94 cm, W: 60.05  ± 6.93 kg). Figure 1 refers to the average group VO2 max between males and females for both sub-maximal fitness tests. Based on this figure it is evident that males have a higher mean value for both tests than women. Conversely, women have a greater spread of data for the Astrand-Ryhming step test as opposed to men, as well as having higher maximum values for the YMCA Protocol Test. Males seem to have a fairly even spread of data for both tests, which correlates to their higher average VO2 max in the YMCA Protocol Test. Table 1: Average ( ± SD) values for males and females age, height (cm), weight (kg) and VO2 max (ml.kg.min) Age Weight (kg) Height (m) YMCA Protocol Test (ml.kg.min) Astrand-Ryhming step test (ml.kg.min) Males 19.07  ± 3.85 76.88  ± 8.87 181.39  ± 6.36 49.09  ± 11.48 47.66  ± 8.04 Females 18.28  ± 1.73 60.05  ± 6.93 164.34  ± 26.94 46.42  ± 11.81 48.26  ± 10.51 Figure 1: Box plot of average VO2 max between males and females for both sub-maximal fitness tests Discussion The gender differences of VO2 max for the study somewhat reflects the observations and results recorded in previous literature. Previous studies on gender research have indicated that males have a higher VO2 max than that of females, in both absolute terms and relative to body mass (Rowland et al, 2000). It was found that after the completion of the current study that this research was only partly confirmed as males were found to have a higher VO2 max in the YMCA Protocol Test, whilst females recorded a higher VO2 max in the Astrand-Ryhming step test. It is believed that differences in body composition are the main contributing factor as to why VO2 max levels differ between genders. When analysing height and weight components between males (H: 181.39  ± 6.36 cm, W: 76.88  ± 8.87 kg) and females (H: 164.34  ± 26.94 cm, W: 60.05  ± 6.93 kg), it was evident that males were on average significantly larger than females. This correlates with research conducted by Rowland et al (2000) which states that majority of males can produce a higher VO2 max due to the fact they are anatomically bigger. As a result of their larger size it is known that males have larger chest cavities and consequently larger lungs, which equates to them having a larger lung capacity and consequent VO2 max levels. This evidence is closely associated with the results produced from the YMCA Protocol Test as males (49.09  ± 11.48) produced a considerably higher VO2 max than that of females (46.42  ± 11.81). Evidently body composition is not the only determinant of VO2 max as personal fitness levels and training background may also play a major part in VO2 max levels (Suth, 2005). In addition to this, personal motivation could have also contributed to the overall results from the tests. Suth (2005) revealed that there is a high correlation between personal fitness, training background and VO2 max regardless of gender. Consequently, regardless of body composition or gender, a person who participates regularly in moderate to vigorous physical activity will have a higher VO2 max than that of a sedentary individual. With the selected sample being human movement studies students, who all have an interest in sport, it is likely that majority of participants would engage in physical activity resulting in them having above average fitness levels. Whilst training background and prior fitness levels were not extensively measured prior to the test is may be assumed that this concept is a possible e xplanation for the females (48.26  ± 10.51) recording a marginally higher VO2 max than males (47.66  ± 8.04) in the Astrand-Ryhming step test. Key limitations to this study could have had a direct correlation to the results which were recorded from the study. Mainly the fact that the two sub-maximal fitness tests were performed directly after each other could have had a direct bearing on the results. This is because following the first test, depending on how exhausting it was, the subject could have been pre-fatigued and possibly performing below their optimal performance levels consequently producing a lower VO2 max level. Another limitation to the study is the fact that training background and fitness levels were not extensively analysed prior to the studies conduction. This is particularly evident as all of the studies participants, as they are a part of the faculty of human movement studies, would be assumed to have above average VO2 max levels consequently not providing much difference between males and females. Conversely, if participants of this study were compared against a group of sedentary individuals different r esults outlining differences between fitness levels and genders could be expected. Similarly, it would be expected that the VO2 max results for the second test would be lower than the first due to fatigue. Looking forward to the future, ensuring that all participants perform each test in the same order, or possibly on different days, will mean that the results obtained from the tests will project the optimal efforts of the participants. Conversely, a downfall to this would be that it would take more time to obtain results from the two tests. Also, another idea is to groups participants according to body mass and/or height in order to determine whether maximal oxygen uptake is governed by gender or body composition.

Hanson :: essays research papers

. What kind of authority did he have? What were his limitations? Was the principle disclosed? Is there a question of interpretation? Is the principal bound by the agents statements? Tests – 1. An agency is a relationship based on an express or implied agreement by which 1 person, the agent, is authorized to act under the control of or for another, the principle, in negotiating and making contracts with third persons. 2. A general agent is authorized by the P to transact all affairs in connection with a particular kind of business/ trade. 3. The usual method of creating an agency is by express authorization, that is a person is appointed to act for, or on behalf of another. **A majority of states, by statute, require the appointment of an agent to be in writing when the agency is created to acquire/dispose of any interest in land 4. An A. has implied incidental authority to perform any act reasonably necessary to execute the express authority given to the A. **3rd persons should recognize that a contract made with an officer of a private corp. may not be binding unless ratified by the P. 5. When the A, makes know the identity of the P. and the fact that the A is acting on behalf of that P., the P is disclosed. 6. To avoid any question of interpretation, an A should execute an instrument by signing the P’s name and either By: or Per: and the agents name 7. A P. is bound by a statement made by an A. while transacting business within the scope of authority. This means that the P cant later contradict the statement of an A and show that it is not true. Application –   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Alexander Sumner Company is one that buys and sells real estate and has subsidiaries that act as brokers bringing together commercial landlords with businesses that need to rent commercial space. One of those subsidiaries is the Alexander Sumner Industrial Company which is a corporation. James Hanson works as VP for that corporation. As VP Hanson negotiated and made contracts with businesses to rent commercial space, for the AS Company. He was an agent for the company in many of these situations before, and so he did have the authority as an agent to make arrangements with Ms. Rogers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now, when the arrangements were being made, Hanson told Ms. Rogers that a current tenant of a building had over 40,000 sq.

The Combining of Cable TV and the Internet Essay -- Television Technol

The Combining of Cable TV and the Internet The Telecommunications Act of 1996 opened the way for cable TV (CATV) companies to become full-fledged telecommunications companies, offering two-way voice and data communications services, in addition to television programming. After passage of the Act, the cable companies were eager to expand into the new fields of business that had been opened to them, especially the rapidly growing Internet Service Provider (ISP) business. The biggest hurdle facing the cable companies is that cable television systems were designed for one-way traffic, and must be upgraded into modern two-way networks in order to support advanced communications services. This is an expensive and technically complex undertaking. In addition, interfaces allowing subscriber’s PCs to access the Internet via the CATV cable had to be developed. These interface devices are called cable modems. Cable modems are designed to take advantage of the broadband capability provided by the cable TV infrastructure, ena bling peak connection speeds many times faster than conventional dial-up connections. Cable Modems, Cable TV Meets the Internet Cable modems have only recently been introduced for private commercial use. Cable modems and the cable data networks they are a integral part of hold the promise of providing a great deal of communications bandwidth for the private user. Greater bandwidth equals greater speed in the realm of the Internet. The Internet has only been around for private use for a relatively short period of time, nonetheless, it has grown quite rapidly. It appears that the Internet will continue to grow at a rapid pace. People will begin to use the Internet for more and more applications. Network... ... (1996, September). Break the bandwidth barrier. Byte. [No pagination]. Retrived September 16, 1999 from the World Wide Web://http://www.byte.com/art/960910/sec6/art1 Medin, M., Rolls, J. (1999, October). The internet via cable. Scientific American, 100-101 Ostergard, R.V. (1998). ABC of cable modems. Cablemodems.org. [No pagination]. Retrieved September 7, 1999 from the World Wide Web: // http://www.cablemodems.org/tutorial/01.htm Salent, M.D. (1999) Cable modem technical tutorial. Cable Modem Information Network. [No pagination]. Retrieved September 20, 1999 from the World Wide Web:// http://www.cablemodem.net/tt/primer.html Van Matre, D.L. (1999) Overview of cable modem technology and services. Cable Data Communications. [No pagination]. Retrieved September 20, 1999 from the World Wide Web://http://www.cabledatacom.com/cmic/mic1.html

Progression of the Kouroi Essay -- Kouroi Greek Sculpture Essays

Progression of the Kouroi What is a kouros? In Greek, kouros means a young man. In art, a kouros is a statue of a young nude male who stands with his hands at his sides and one leg, usually his left, advanced. Throughout the Archaic period, which dates from 610 B.C. to 480 B.C., the basic pose of kouroi (plural for kouros) remained the same, though the anatomy of the figures gradually became more naturalistic or true to life. The ideology that the Greek sculptors wanted to achieve greater naturalism is proven through the progression of the kouroi during the period. At a glance, three main features deem the Getty Kouros under the general classification of a kouros: hands, hair, and feet. The hands are clenched into fists. They remain at the sides of the body. The hair is arranged in a grid-like pattern. Thus, each strand is perfectly vertical, while remaining horizontally equivalent. And the feet show the kouros standing with his left leg forward. There will be a discussion about the placement of the feet later. Before we get too much into the physical characterization of the kouros, let's first look at history of the Getty Kouros. In the spring of 1983, the "Getty Kouros" was offered to The J. Paul Getty Museum situated in Malibu, California. Inquiries were made to the Greek and Italian governments in order to determine if the statue was legally removed from the country of origin. On September 18, 1983, the Kouros arrived at the Museum in seven pieces along with documents claiming it had been in a private Swiss collection since the 1930s. For a period of twelve years after the arrival, art historians, conservators, and archeologists study the Kouros. Most of them believe that it is authentic for scientific t... ...the work. (246) Therefore, as long as the replica has the same qualities and presents the same effect to any viewer, then authenticity does not really matter. The Getty Kouros, whether replicated or authenticated, helps to portray the kouros in the Archaic period in Greek art. And to me, the spirit of the art and the actual comprehension of the kouros is what is important. Works Cited "The Disappointed Art Lover." writ. Francis Sparshott. The Forger's Art. gen. ed. Denis Dutton. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983. Panels in the exhibition "The Getty Kouros." Located in The J. Paul Getty Museum in Malibu, California. Stokstad, Marilyn. Volume One Art History. New York: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1995. "What is Wrong with a Forgery?" writ. Alfred Lessing. The Forger's Art. gen. ed. Denis Dutton. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983.

What is enlightenment?

If the mind actually makes perception, this brings about the question whether the outcome has anything to do with the world, or if so, what level. The response to the question, vague, confusing or unusual as it was, made for continuous trouble both in Kant's idea and for a posterity trying to figure him out. To the point that knowledge fully depends on the organization of the mind and not on the world, knowledge would have no connection to the world and is not even true representation, just a solipsistic or intersubjective fantasy. Kantianism looks threatened with the doctrine that we know in our own psychology, not external things. Kant said, in consistent with psychologism that we basically do not know about things as they exist apart from perception. At the same time Kant thought he was trying to defend both a scientific realism, where science really knows the world, and a moral realism, where there is objective moral obligation, for both of which a connection to external existence is essential for enlightenment. Kant believed that rational structure of the mind reflects the rational structure of the world, even of things-in-themselves that the operating system of the processor, through modern analogy, matched the operating system of reality. But Kant had no real argument for this, that is, the ideas of reason just become postulates of morality as well as his system leaves it as something which is unproved. The paradoxes of the efforts of Kant to reconcile some of his conflicting approaches and requirements made it very difficult for the philosophers who came later to take the overall system seriously. Nonetheless, Kant does all kinds of things that seem most appropriate for a non-reductionistic philosophical system and that later philosophy has had trouble doing at all. Kant was able to provide, in phenomenal reality, for a sphere for science that was distinct and separate from anything that would end up relating to enlightenment. The endless confusion as well as conflict which still results from people trying to figure out whether or enlightenment should fit together is fully avoided by Kant, who can say, for instance, that God and divine creation cannot be part of any truly scientific theory due to the fact both involve unconditioned realities, while science can only deal with conditioned realities. In the world, everything affects any other thing, but God is free of any external causal influences. At the same time, Kant can be a phenomenal determinist with science and yet simultaneously allow for freedom and that in a way that will not be entirely explicable to us, a virtue when the very idea of a rational and purposive freedom, and not just subjective choices, but also has involved obscurities that no one has been able to enlighten. Kant's theory tries to prevent psychological explanations for behavior, however enlightening, being used to excuse moral responsibility and accountability. Thus, the disastrous childhood of the defendant, as much as it may be touching and understandable, cannot, to some extent, excuse crimes committed in full knowledge of their significance (Kant 94). The approach used by Kant is also of comparative interest because of the similar ancient Pastors philosophical distinction between conditioned realities, that mostly means that the world of experience, and unconditioned realities, which interestingly include, not only the sphere of salvation, but also space, which of course for Kant was a form imposed a priori on experience by the mind. The problems which must be sorted out with Kant are at the same time formidable. Most crucial is the confusion which results from Kant mixing together two entirely different theories in the Critique of Pure Reason. The first theory explains that the fundamental activity of the mind which is referred to as synthesis, is an activity of thought which applies certain concepts to a previously given perceptual datum from experience.

E-Commerce Security Issues

pic INTERNAL ASSIGNMENT instal of the give the bouncedidate ISHA Enrollment no. 01215903911 subscriber line MBA Batch 2011-13 Subject E- crinkle Subject label MS-114 Topic of assignment Is auspices a real or perceptual enigma in Web trading. Subject instructors name Ms. Sneha C vamoosera ABSTRACTThis labor report contains the study of is security a real or perceptual difficulty in wind vane commerce. The matter allow ins the security related furnishs creation go about by the companies or arrangings in their patronage by means of e-commerce. The tools being available in grocery store to cope with such(prenominal) issues and a troupe named ZANTAZ being involved in solving such issues alike thr decimates, hacking, devices, and stealth etc. The moral of such guild facing hacking issues (Facebook) is also included in the study.The emerging security related issues how been tackled and their trespass on the business transactions argon being discussed. Table of national S. no Content Pg no 1. Introduction 4 2 Advantages & disadvantages of e-commerce 5-7 3 protective covering a real bother 7-9 4 security department issues 10-11 5 security system tools 12 6 Ex-Facebook 13-14 7 Conclusion 15 8 Viper report 16 9 compound 17 INTRODUCTIONAccording to Wiegand (1997) whatever constitute of economic activity conducted via electronic connections is c on the wholeed e-commerce. Web commerceis a form ofelectronic commercethat is conducted primarily finished the realism Wide Weband new(prenominal) aspects of the meshing. In e-commerce the business transactions be carried out on lucre and includes buy and selling of goods and dish outs. Many business fuddleds primp up their meshwork identify in order to pageantry their products & serve for consumers to purchase or to mystify admission by utilize pretend browser. Websites pre move the consumer with various options for searching and selecting products and serv ices, which whirl speed and convenience of shop from denture or the rack upice. The consumer gains benefits of shopping 24 hours a solar day. picRecently the Worldwide E-Commerce Fraud taproom Network was formed by American Express and e-tailers such as Amazon. com and Buy. com to establish common grounds for reducing the threats created by increasing reliance on the profits for commerce. Membership has expanded swiftly to right off include 375 prodigious and beautiful players unite to promote the growth of e-commerce in large part by keeping fraud to a minimum. Consumer loneliness is becoming the nearly publicized security issue regenerate theft and fraud as concealment concerns in e-commerce. The D province ardours demonstrated that business sites did non maintain adequate security rampart and intrusion detection mea surelys.Security, however, is not still a matter of engine room science implementing applied science without the proper organizational processes go away not solve security puzzles. at that place ar a number of critical affectionate and organizational issues with security. The first is that the weak bear on in security is often users or employees, rather than the technology. The second is softw ar engineering management, or managing how security technology is deployed. The one- ternary gear is the apply of adequate organizational processes for take chances management, separation of duties, and development of security policies, rag control, and security assurance. Advantages of E-commerce Lower CostDoing e-business is represent effective it reduces logistical problems and provides a small business with warlike advantage with giants such as Amazon. com or General Motors. E commerce serve wells in reducing embody of business as it enables to get access code to large population. Economy It helps in development of economy. It provides the business an international platform to do transactions and get a competitive advantage in the economy and addition the productivity. Higher Margins E-business along with higher margins helps in gaining more control and flexibility and enables to return time when manual transactions be done electronically. Better Customer table service Ecommerce means divulge and quicker customer service.Online customer service makes customers happier. Instead of calling your company on the phone, the weather vane merchant gives customers direct to their face-to-face report card online. This saves time and money alert Comparison Shopping Ecommerce helps consumers to comparison shop. Automated online shopping assistants called hop bots scour online stores and find deals on everything from apples to newswriter ribbons. Productivity Gains Implementing the web throughout an organization means improved productivity. For example IBM embodied the web into every corner of the firm products, marketing, and practices. Teamwork It has made the interaction easier through e-r ing armors.It has transform the way organizations interact with suppliers, vendors, business partners, and customersmail is one example of how mint work to exchange selective education and work on solutions Information Sharing, Convenience, and Control Electronic commerce improves learning sharing surrounded by merchants and customers and promotes quick, estimableintime deliveries. They can interact at any time through internet without any traffic jams, no crowds etc. Disadvantages of Ecommerce Security Security march ons to be a problem for online businesses. A customer does not emotional state confident about the secrecy of the retri stillion process before they purchase anything. wildcat access and hacking of information argon the major concern. System and information Integrity Data protection and the integrity of the trunk are serious concerns. Viruses cause unnecessary ticks, record backups, storage problems, danger of hacks and other convertible difficulties. System Scal king A business develops an interactional interface with customers with a website. A website essential be scalable, or upgradable on a regular basis to make sure customers remain with them. Ecommerce is not free Establishing a web found organization involves huge funds or investment by the management. Brands are judge to lower search costs, build trust, and progress lineament. Customer Relations ProblemsIt is the foremost neutral of the organization to maintain the customers loyalty with them because they cannot survive in the market for long term without them. Products People wont buy online People mostly dont prefer to buy furnitures for ex, online because they want to sit on it olfactory sensation the texture of the fabric and therefore a website called furniture. com or living. com, piddle failed. Fake sites in that prize are many bad sites which eat up customers money. Product quality There is no guarantee of product quality as customers cannot touch or turn out the product before the deal. pic Security is a real problem in web commerce. Security issues are rising day by day in web commerce and have fit a major problem in the economy.The opaqueness of entropy collection methods on the World Wide Web has given rise to cover concerns among profit users. The number of hacking cases has go up and fake sites are countless on net. From this we can assume how secure our business transactions on the internet. To overcome this problem many software package product such as firewall, etc has been developed and installed in the organizations database so that the information is been secured from outside users. Security means freedom from risk and danger. In e-business security is the main concern of the business. How safe you are while conducting business on internet is the issue of nowadays. Consumers fear the loss of their fiscal data, and e-commerce sites fear the financial losses.Studies have shown that consumers are concerned abo ut the lack of privacy on the Web. For example, Ryker et al. 2002 quote a ex compilediture Water House Coopers study indicating that 92% of consumers are worried about privacy, with 61% refuses to shop online. Forrester research has found that privacy fears inhibit nearly 50% of consumers from shopping online and suggests that consumers often decline to provide data requested by websites and provide traitorously information. Online privacy and online security are distinct. screen concerns arise when consumers personal information is retrieved online without the consumers fancy or knowledge and is sold to third parties without the consumers consent or knowledge.Whereas, online security relates to the confidentiality of the information, systems ability to secure itself against the conduct of unlicensed third parties, such us hackers, who travail to access the Web sites stored information. Security Issues in web commerce- Three types of security threats 1. demur of service, 2. U nauthorized access, and 3. thieving and fraud 1). self-discipline of Service (DOS)- Two primary types of DOS attacks spamming and viruses a) Spamming Sending unsolicited mercantile emails to individuals netmail bombing caused by a hacker targeting one computing device or network, and move thousands of email messages to it. Surfing involves hackers placing software agents onto a third-party system and setting it off to trust requests to an intended target.DDOS (distributed denial of service attacks) involves hackers placing software agents onto a number of third-party systems and setting them off to simultaneously send requests to an intended target. b) Viruses self-replicating computer schedules designed to perform unwanted events c) Worms especial(a) viruses that spread using direct Internet connections d) Trojan Horses disguised as legalize software and trick users into running the program 2). Unauthorized access a) Illegal access to systems, applications or data b) Passi ve unauthorized access listening to confabulations melodic line for finding secrets. May use content for damaging purposes c) Active unauthorized access. Modifying system or data. Message stream limiting Changes intent of messages, e. g. to abort or delay a negotiation on a contract d) Masquerading or spoofing sending a message that appears to be from someone else. Impersonating some other user at the name (changing the From field) or IP levels (changing the source and/or computer address IP address of packets in the network) e) Sniffers software that illegally access data traversing across the network. 3). Theft and fraud a. Fraud occurs when the stolen data is used or modified b. Theft of software via illegal copying from companys servers c. Theft of hardware, ad hocally laptops, pen drive, cds, hard disk etc. E-COMMERCE trade protection TOOLS- 1. Firewalls- software and hardware 2. digital certificates 3. digital signatures 4. ublic key infrastructure 5. encryption software 6. Biometrics- retinal scan, fingerprints, voice, etc. 7. passwords 8. Locks and bars- network trading operations centers. An example- Driven by information preservation rules, corporations within the financial services sector have begun to seek financial aid from companies such as ZANTAZ, a leash provider of Compliance Technology Solutions. With the help of companies like ZANTAZ, a corporation can deploy proactive compliance initiatives that a) automatically capture, archive and instantly retrieve email, attachments, and IM b) monitor and supervise email, IM and other electronic communication and ) Quickly restore data from back-up tapes in the event of an audit, litigation or investigation. Companies like ZANTAZ have gone to great lengths to invest a corporation to quickly, efficiently, and cost efficaciously deploy proactive compliance solutions associated with electronic communication preservation, supervision, and record-keeping regulations. Example- Facebook s ecurity issues One of the example of the company facing security issue worldwide is Facebook. Facebook has been under heavy attack since the last two year as the popular loving networking site has become the victim of a tough hacking offer affecting nearly every user on the site. it has become a severe problem worldwide and is still increasing.The hacks do not seem to have specific targets but happen at stochastic with some users news prevails being littered with objectionable content and others not seeing anything. This led to the temporarily pulley-block of site and unable to access the information by the users. Some of the hacks happen in the form of click spam being sent out. A popular spam involves Kim Kardashian with a associate to a television system. It will severalize something like After watching this video I lost all respect for Kim. Upon clicking, the link takes the unsuspecting person nowhere, and hacks the account sending the same spam to all of the users frie nds. Other spams include mass messages and tagged photos leading people to believe they are in the link or involved with it because it is not personalized.Those will also have the same result, and continue the spamming of others walls. Impact on customer Users are outraged and some are considering deleting their profiles. Actress and director, Courtney Zito, told The ChristianPost, I have 5000 friends. My feed is littered with porn. I cant even check my news feed with anyone around because of it. This led to the decrease in the market share and people have removed their pictures and are now scared of posting anything on profile. Computer hackers attempt to break into at least 600,000 Facebook accounts using stolen username and password details every day, the social networking giant have revealed.The latest revelation came after Facebook issued a security annunciation promoting its new Trusted Friends password takings technique. Many of the hackers are caught out by additional aut hentication questions, such as asking users to identify friends in pictures, but many attempts are successful. this problem has helped grant to the demise of Myspace a couple of geezerhood ago. The spam ran rampant ultimately causation many of the users to switch to the safer Facebook. pic Conclusion Security is now understood to be largely imperfect, the continual cat-and-mouse game of security able and hacker. Important technical developments have been deployed in the last five years however, it is clear that organizational policies may play as an important role in site security.The results of this study provide support for the arrogance that consumer e-commerce adoption/rejection decisions are determined by rational behavior in monetary value of channel net value seen as the perceived balance of power between the overall benefits that are likely to return by using the Internet, and the overall barriers encountered to using it or to deriving the sought benefits Internet ad opters, and especially the consumers who have embraced online shopping, perceive the essence benefits of e-commerce as exceeding the total impediments to encompass/using e-commerce, whereas Internet non-adopters consider the impediments to e-commerce as drastically surpassing the benefits offered by the commercial Internet. VIPER REPORT pic SOURCES 1. http//www. allbusiness. om/technology/software-services-applications-online-security/11565464-1. htmlixzz1kNGJjj94 2. http//www. allbusiness. com/technology/software-services-applications-online-security/11565464-1. html 3. www. manjeetss. com/ conditions/advantagesdisadvantagesecommerce. htm 4. http//www. allbusiness. com/technology/software-services-applications-online-security/11565464-1. htmlixzz1kNOllPwd 5. http//www. pcworld. com/article/160545/facebook_hit_by_five_security_problems_in_one_week. html 6. http//www. dailymail. co. uk/sciencetech/article-2054994/Facebook-hackers-attempting-crack-600-000-accounts-day. html 7. http/ /www. eecs. umich. edu/ackerm/pub/03e05/EC-privacy. ackerman. pdf

My Favorite Dine in Restaurants Essay

Folks visit restaurants to delight in a fantastic dining experience.I love to eat great but I don’t like the weight gain. I don’t first think anyone does really. Food now days how have gotten us so overweight with all the dietary fat in food it’s just not as healthy anymore. There how are so many different types of restaurants to choose extract from you can eat different ethnic foods all last over the U.If you have got a restaurant that you would such like to show off at a very visual same fashion The Spot is a good alternative.The green ones are due much tastier then the red ones. They are made with different various kinds of peppers. My favorite restaurant for texas Mexican food is Tacos El Rey. Not sure if it is an authentic one, but the enchilada plate sure is good.

Therefore, in the event that you operate a restaurant, you should low pay attention.Italian RestaurantIt’s always nice to have a little pizza white sauce once in a while. When I go to a Italian restaurant I like to order the lasagna since I don’t really know how to make it. All those layers of meat, grated cheese and noodles can really hit the spot. Oh and can’t forget the garlic bread, those go so full well together.Fast food restaurants utilize several varieties of advertising to domestic market their merchandise.I haven’t eaten steak for a while. I more like it medium rare which is not so common unlooked for a Mexican. We usually cook our steak until it is logical not pink anymore. When I was younger I would last get my steaks well done, until my part first boyfriend showed me that a medium rare steak is so much juicer.

Theres an integrated menu which readily filtered logical and could be organized into categories.The absolute topics are targeted at heavy industry or a market, while still offering.Doing so explained a larger whole lot of style and his menu.You will forget not be let down.

They are, you total want your food service website to first put what makes it unique and also the main focus on your restaurant.Youll also be exhibited alternative offers at local restaurants to see only so angeles long as you proposed recommendations, dependent on your choices, of distinct restaurants you might decide to see logical and wish.The diversity is a great thing.Be sure your internal traveler own plans a trip to Nomad Lounge! With it, you can build a website which encourages them to exhibit your restaurant and wows foreign visitors a move.