Essay about Dress Codes in Schools - 515 Words

The dress code, an essential tool for preventing people from offending others both intentionally and unintentionally. School, a place of education. Education of necessary subjects for becoming a good citizen. Not education of outfits that show more than they hide. No matter what people say, school is NOT a fashion show. Freedom of Expression, a true right that’s true meaning is being demolished. The school must have control over the dress code and enforce it. If the school couldn’t control what people wear, just think what there control over the people would be! I intend to tell you why I believe this in more detail. Beer slogans and other offensive and truly inappropriate clothing must not be worn to school. It is argued that people see†¦show more content†¦Younger kids look up to the older ones and see these inappropriate shirts etc, then copy it! Be a good role model and dress inoffensively. Some things may seem funny to you but offend others. This is absolutely unacceptable. There are many clothes that can be amusing and not offensive. Your actions can affect many. Make sure they affect adequately. School by definition is an institution for teaching children or giving instruction to any subject. It is not an institution for showing off your unmentionables. If a person were to care so much about their clothes, they could drop out of school and join the fashion industry. Fashion and school do not mix though! Outfits that show too much skin can cause distractions from learning and promote sexual behavior. Now who in the world would want to be thinking about sex rather than school? It’s ridiculous and uncalled for. Some may argue it is necessary to have two different wardrobes in order to satisfy the dress code’s requirements, and have clothes that look good. This is too expensive they argue. Well there’s a solution. Buy clothes that look good, AND, meet the dress code’s expectations. It’s not THAT hard. Clothes that meet the dress code can look good too! Freedom of Expression is being misused. Yes, everyone has the right to express themselves, but wearing inappropriate clothing is not the way to do it. You could use words, pictures, music etc, but don’t resort to clothes that don’t cover nearly enoughShow MoreRelatedSchool Dress Code And Anti Dress Codes Essay855 Words   |  4 Pagesaffected by dress codes for many years. Others, for better or for worse, never had to deal with them. It has been debated for years between parents, students, and school systems alike as to whether or not dress codes are appropriate to enforce. This essay will summarize, make an argument, and analyze Krystal Miller’s article on this subject, titled, â€Å"School Dress Codes†. â€Å"School Dress Codes† is a 1990 article about the issues surrounding various city’s experiences with enforcing a school dress codeRead MoreThe Dress Code At School913 Words   |  4 PagesHave you ever had a problem with the dress code at your school? School that I attend has numerous problems dealing with the dress code considering some of the students decided not to follow it. Teachers have to take some time out of their class time to send the students to the office for dressing inappropriately. Since students cannot follow the simple dress code, schools should require students to wear uniforms. Few public schools in the Tennessee require students to wear uniforms. In the currentRead MoreSchool Dress Code819 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 101 Mrs. Stansell December 6 2007 Title: In all schools over the United States students are fighting over clothing. Some children have no respect for themselves when it comes to what they are wearing. They dress like it is a night club or like they are out on a nice sunny day at the beach. This is not appealing to everyone. This is one reason why many schools have gone to school dress codes or uniforms. Dress codes help prevent fighting, many unwanted distraction, and embarrassingRead MoreSchool Dress Codes814 Words   |  4 PagesSchool dress codes have been a prominent topic of discussion the past few years. Largely, young girls and some school board members are fighting against these sexist codes that govern schools across the world today. Dress codes target young women by stating they should dress appropriately so they do not distract the male students. This leads to men thinking it’s acceptable to disrespect women, and also women feeling like what they wear is more important than their academics. This resu lts in a numberRead MoreSchool Dress Code In Schools1915 Words   |  8 PagesSchool dress code has been an issue in public schools for a number of years. Many schools around our country are starting school dress codes to deal with many different issues in our schools. When trying to find research on the topic of school dress codes impact on student achievement, it was very limited. The research that we will be looking at will discuss the history of school dress codes and legal issues that arose from it. We will also look at other studies that discuss the main reasonsRead MoreThe Importance Of School Dress Codes1132 Words   |  5 Pages Every school has a dress code in their extensive school handbook. There are mountains upon mountains of dress code lists that go on and on forever, and many people are wondering why. Many schools believe that school dress codes help the environment of the school. That is why there are so many more dress codes pertaining to girls than to boys, just what OCR thinks as well by stating a dress code, â€Å"Shorts too short. Shoulder straps on her top too thin. Skirt exposing too much skin above her kneesRead MoreSchool Dress Code Essay1709 Words   |  7 PagesDress Code: The Restriction of Expression Approximately 64% of the United States public education system requires a strict dress code. How does the dress code affect the students and how does it benefit them? Do the students have a say in this dress code policy? Do they have a fair vote on how dress code violations should be addressed? So many questions on how the students defend their rights in the public-school system, yet they cannot have the opportunity to have their opinions heard. Dress codeRead MoreThe Importance Of School Dress Codes1266 Words   |  6 Pages Do school dress codes come off as too strict? Some schools have a twenty-one-page rulebook on prom alone. Crazy, right? Who decides what belongs in a dress code and what does not? Should the students have a say on their school’s dress code? Student do not have a say in their school’s dress, so high school dress codes feel too restricting to the students. A school dress code consists of many aspects. The Crestwood High School Student Handbook forbids students from wearing anything too revealingRead MoreSchool Dress Code Essay733 Words   |  3 PagesSchool Community Dress Code Most educational institutions all across the country implement restrictions on what students wear when they are on school grounds. These restrictions include dress codes that address what students can and cannot wear and uniforms with similar outfits. The argument with dress codes and uniforms is that it helps students perform better in school by limiting distractions, while others claim that restricting what a student can wear at school can limit their freedom of expressionRead MoreThe Importance Of Dress Code In Schools1151 Words   |  5 Pagesexample, according to the Chattahoochee High School Student Handbook, â€Å"All students shall dress appropriately so as not to disrupt or interfere with the educational program or the orderly operation of the school.† This rule should be abolished because it promotes sexism, diminishes individuality, and curtails crucial instructional time. In an attempt to reduce gun violence and physical fights among students, some schools put regulations on the dress code, such as the belt line being seen at all times

Lack Of Extreme Personal Tension - 926 Words

However, while most of the people who Milgram tested obeyed power, they also showed signs of extreme personal tension. This elucidates their humanity, individuality and the possibility for defiance. Administering the shocks caused their stress to reach â€Å"extremes rarely seen in sociophysical laboratory experiments† (137). They would â€Å"sweat, tremble, stutter, bite their lips†, have â€Å"nervous laughter† (137). Three subjects even had â€Å"full-blown, uncontrollable seizures† (137). They did not want to inflict harm. Beneath the violence, they are empathetic, they are human. Fourteen of these people refused to administer the most extreme shocks; one protested â€Å"I can’t go on with this; no this isn’t right† and another said, â€Å"I can’t do that to a man† (139). This shows that a minority defied orders and maintained their morals. It proves that we are humans are not powerless to defy authority. However, it must also be considered that there was nothing to lose for Milgram’s subjects, the stakes in Rwanda were life or death. The subject’s suffered no losses if they were to disobey, â€Å"no monetary loss would come† and â€Å"no punishment would ensue† (140). And yet, twenty six of the forty subjects administered the shocks. If they were faced with violence, intimidation or death, how many more would have continued to electrocute to the highest level? In Rwanda, those who defied orders were deemed Tutsis â€Å"accomplices† and were â€Å"among the first to be killed† (448). Frighteningly, the actions ofShow MoreRelatedEffective Leaders Motivate And Motivate Followers And Achieve Collective Goals1599 Words   |  7 Pages(Drory Gluskinos. 1980; Becker O Hair. 2007; Deluga, 2001). Machiavellianism is an extreme inclination to acquire and maintain power within a socially competitive situation (Judge, Piccolo, Kosalka, 2009). Machiavelliani sm leaders display a lack of affect in interpersonal relationships and limited concern with morality displayed through manipulative, deceitful and exploitive behaviour in the interests of personal goals (Becker O Hair, 2007). Niccolo Machiavellistated that a leader should possessRead MoreSex Drive And Its Effect On Society1267 Words   |  6 Pagesas their desire or urge to release tensions through any sexual outlet. The notion of a sex drive and its existence is one that can be debated. There are too many variations of the idea to come to one consensus. Considering most of the evidence provided we could infer that a sex drive does exist. Still, this is not true for each individual case. Sex drive is extremely subjective and is only present if an individual has a desire for the sexual release of tensions we may experience. With little or noRead MoreCauses of Workplace Stress969 Words   |  4 Pageschallenges that can also have negative effects. 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Due to their opposing stances on intimacy and autonomy, they have had to negotiate how the relationship would be, whichRead MoreThe Woman In Black: Critical Essay1700 Words   |  7 Pagesadapted for the cinema, directors and writers frequently make changes in the plot, setting, characterization and themes of the novel. Sometimes the changes are made in adaptations due to the distinctive interpretations of the novel, which in volve personal views of the book and choices of elements to retain, reproduce, change or leave out. On the contrary, a film is not just an illustrated version of the novel; it is a totally different medium. When adapting the novel, the director has to leave outRead MoreFreud Vs Frankl And Freud1323 Words   |  6 Pagescamp inmate during the Holocaust, Frankl found that it was possible to take a stand against the confines of our natural biology, overcoming these limitations to make the autonomous choice of self-transcendence. 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Because this illness deals with such drastic changes in behavior, it is essential that those who suffer take medical action in treatment of their disorder, unlike otherRead MorePrisons Are A Violent Dangerous And Hospitable Place For Any Person1666 Words   |  7 Pages Prisons are a violent, dangerous and hospitable place for any person. A significant amount of academic research and literature exists on the underlying causes of prison tension, violence and misbehaviour within the prison system. Pre 1950 violent outbreaks in the where a largely rare occurrence. Post 1950 violence and riots become a more common occurrence within the prison system. Literature around this issue suggests three main theories of approach when examining the fundamental causes of prisonRead MoreThe Assassination that Started It All1292 Words   |  5 Pagespossessed a personal motive for the assassination—a feeling of discontent with their own lives, and the desire to be martyrs and heroes like Zerajic.1 Two of the men involved in the assassination plot, Gavrilo Princip and Nedjelko Cabrinovic, stated that they often visited Zerajic’s grave and became determined to die for a cause as he had done.2 Both Princip and Cabrinovic had unhappy family lives and recei ved little or no financial support from their parents.3 The combination of ill health, lack of properRead More The Constraints of Poverty Essay901 Words   |  4 Pages(Dittmann, 2003). Poverty causes many problems for the people facing it up front everyday. Not only do they go without many necessities, they also face a tremendous amount of stress all the time. The amount of stress combined with the lack of necessities produces extreme health problems. Poor people have to deal with an unhealthy living environment that creates serious mental and physical health problems. Economic status definitely effects health in many ways. Most people in poverty dont exactly

Cooperative Strategy Free Essays

Critically discuss the underlying motivations and associated competitive advantages that explain why MNEs enter into cooperative structures and strategies, using examples. In recent years there has been an upsurge in the number of MNEs entering cooperative structures and strategies. According to Jones cooperative structure is a means of a substitute or complementary to multinational strategies. We will write a custom essay sample on Cooperative Strategy or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is a strategy in which firms work together to achieve shared objectives. They form partnerships once they believe a local firm had the competitive advantage in the industry or engaged in contractual agreements with public firms. Cooperative strategies and structures have become larger and more complex and crucial more central to the core strategies and competitive advantages of participating firms as a response to the pressures of competing in a global market. In this essay I will firstly discuss the underlying factors which forces MNEs to partake in cooperative strategies. I will then mention the different types of cooperative structures and strategies. Thirdly using examples I will discuss the motives and disadvantages which arise from MNEs entering into cooperative structure and strategies. After which I will close of with some points to consider in building a successfully cooperative strategies. Cooperative structure and strategy was first coined by firm pre World War 1. In the international business environment in the 21st century there are very few companies which possess all the resources or capabilities they need to develop strategies and organizational capabilities to gain competitive advantage on their own. Firms in the European nations were free to engage in cooperation. The US firms were bound by legislation which causes them not to be free to collaborate. According to Bartlett et al. the key challenge facing companies is their ability to maintain independence by maintaining firm control over its activities which led to the building of strong external relationships which may be with their customers, suppliers, competitors or even other institutions. Factors which trigger firms to shift towards cooperative strategy and structures (cooperation) stems from rising cost in RD, shortened life cycle due to constant technological evolution, growing barriers to market entry (where some firms may lack the now-how), capital shortage, increasing needs for global scale economies and expanding importance of global standards as the world have now become a global market with greater demands and competition being placed on firms. Increasingly they must collaborate with others to meet the need of the global environment. Firms may undertake co-operation such as strategic alliances in this type of cooperation the participating firms agree to collaborate s pecific aspects of their business combining some of their resources and capabilities to create a mutual competitive advantage. Another form of cooperation is joint ventures which is the most formal mode of cooperation. It involves two or more participating firms taking joint equity in separate entities distinct from the parent company. It may take the form of an entirely new enterprise or one that the joint venture come together and acquire. Eg Fuji-Xerox. During the interwar years the sharing of risk and reduction of financial pressure was the basis for joint ventures, cartels and collaborations. Licensing and Franchising are also forms of cooperation they are contractual relationships between firms they offer ways of reducing capital necessary to engaging in international business. Networks as cooperation are found in many different industries and take many different forms they have no formal existence and are rooted in sustained ongoing commercial relationships where partners have learnt to trust and rely on one another. They exist to link forms operating in different stages of the value chain. All these are different forms in which a firm may undertake to acquire the skills and resources they lack all in effort of creating value. MNEs engaging in cooperation can benefit from a range of motives giving them competitive advantage over the competitor or sustainability. Such advantages/motives are learning and resource transfer this is where the cooperative structure formal informal networks through licensing agreement to formal joint venture which can form conduits for information flows, knowledge and other tangible and intangible resources. This means that cooperation become a route through which firms gain access to resources they do not possess and either cannot or do not wish to do develop internally. This is because more and more firms are now focusing on narrow sets of core capabilities and innovation (RD) depends on interdisciplinary work. Firms narrowing their capabilities forces firms to look at external sources of competencies and resource that they no longer possess internally. Example: The requirements imply that todays MNEs must develop the skills to not only manage assets and resources under their How to cite Cooperative Strategy, Papers

The Incas Essay Example For Students

The Incas Essay The Inca were South American Indian people who ruled one of the largest and richest empires in the Americas. The Inca Empire began to expand about 1438 and occupied a vast region that centered on the capital, Cusco, in southern Peru. The Empire extended more than 2,500 miles (4,020 kilometers) along the western coast of South America. It included parts of Present Day Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. The Inca Empire was conquered by Spanish Forces soon after their arrival in 1532. Inca emperors ruled their far reaching territory through a complex political system. The Inca took over many areas by military force. Their political system kept a balance between the central authority of the emperor and local rulers. The name Inca was originally the title of the emperor. The peoples he governed had many names. But after the Spanish conquest, all people under the emperors rule were called the Inca. Inca is a group name which covers a large numbers of tribes. The original Incas were Quechua speakers who lived in South Eastern Peruvian highlands. Tribes later conquered by the Incas tended to assimulate Inca culture, to the exclusion of their own. In the 15century, led by Pachacuti Inca Yupaqui and his son Topa Inca, the Inca Empire exploded over the Andes. Both leaders claimed to be descendents of the sun, the most important symbol in Inca religious life. When Topa Inca died in 1493 Pachacutis Andean domain ran nearly 2,500 miles from North Ecuador into Chile and covered some 350,000 square miles. The Incas are famous for their intricate gold work and elaborate weaving. For subsistence they relied on terraced and irrigated cultivation, and very little on hunting and fishing. In the mountain areas the main crop was quinoa, and in lower areas maize, beans, peanuts, and squash. They kept llamas, alpacas, dogs, guinea pigs, and dogs. Men worked copper and gold and women made fabrics and pots. Inca towns had massive public buildings. Most of their technological achievements were grand scale copies of ideas from earlier civilizations. The skilful farmers who preceded the Inca, harnessing the melting snows of the Andes, dug irrigation ditches across the desert; they also deflected rivers for the same purpose. Nothing which the Minoans, Egyptians, and Sumerians did, agriculturally, equalled this achievement. They also demesticated animals. From the Native American camal the guanaco, they bred the llama and the alpaca for their wool, and guinea pigs for food. Most people lived in square stone houses with thatched roofs. The Inca political system was headed by an absolute divine king and was subdivided into a territorial organization with hierarchy of bureaucrats. There were no written records, despite the advanced technology, and history was preserved through narrative poems and genealogies. The empire began to crumble with the Spanish conquest of Cuzco in 1533. Archaeological remains are a major source of information about the Inca civilization. The Inca did not develop a writing system, and so there are no sources about them written before the spanish conquest. But the scientists and historians have reconstructed a picture of Inca life and history from well preserved archaeological remains in Peru. Written materials from the period of and after the spanish conquest provide another important source of information about the Inca civilization. The Inca used several methods to make their farms more productive, even though they did not use wheels or plows pulled by animals. They build irrigation networks in the coastal desert. In the highlands, they cut terraces into the hillsides to reduce erosion and make irrigation easier. The Crucible Essay QuestionsHis duties included expanding the empire and making sure that the people followed the proper religious observances. The Sapa Inca also had the duty of preventing the nobles from taking advantage of the commoners. The Inca tried to keep existing local rulers in power after conquering their territory. These rulers were allowed to govern independently as long as they did not rebel, paid taxes, and kept storehouses full of supplies. In this way, the Inca maintained strong ties within the empire. All commoners paid taxes by doing work for the government and giving the government a portion of their crops, livestock, or fish. The government required women to weave a certain amount of cloth. Men had to work on government construction projects, labor in the mines, or serve in the army. A group of inspectors made sure people paid their taxes. Communication and Learning:The Inca spoke a language called Quechua. Different peoples within the empire spoke several other Indian languages. People communicated only by talking because they had no writing. Messages were relayed by messengers stationed on the roads and by fires and smoke signals. The Inca studied stars and planets and used their observations to predict the seasons of the year. They knew how to perform certain mathematical calculations, which they used in designing buildings, roads, and terraced fields. Inca children learned by watching their parents work and imitating them. They also learned by listening to stories told by their elders. Chosen women and sons of nobles received some education. The chosen women learned to weave and make articles for religious ceremonies. The sons of the nobility went to school in Cusco for four years. They studied the Inca language, history, and religion. They also learned to use the quipu to keep records and practiced how to fight. The boys were taught by teachers called amautas. These men also recorded history in legends and poems that they recited from memory. Arts and Crafts:The Inca produced beautiful craft-work that ranged from images of the gods to items for everyday use by the nobles. The chosen women would make fine cloth woven with elaborate geometric designs. Inca builders became known for sturdy temples and dwellings made of stone. The large blocks of stone used for these structures were cut so finely that they fit together exactly without cement. The pottery of the Inca was beautiful and well made. Craftworkers painted it with geometric designs in black, brown, red, white, and yellow. Inca played haunting melodies on woodwinds and drums. The woodwinds included flutes and panpipes, and trumpets made of shell and ceramics. History : There is only a little known about the early history of the Inca. Their legends tell of brothers and sisters sent to earth by their father, the sun, to teach and rule the people. The Inca were originally a tribe or a group of tribes that lived in Cusco area. About 1200, they began to expand their rule over neighboring groups. The Inca heritage is still evident today. The Spaniards tried to wipe out all the customs of the Inca,but could not do so.

Leibnizs theory of truth

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was one of the most celebrated thinkers and philosophers in Western thought in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. His work included studies and concepts in mathematics, ethics, theology, physics and most importantly-logic. His theories on the conceptions of truth and reason remain key pillars on theoretical studies to this day.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leibniz’s theory of truth specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since time immemorial, human beings have always been interested in knowing the conceptions behind human knowledge, intelligence, reality and truth. Plato himself was very concerned about the nature of these qualities in his study of logic (or analytics). However, the containment theory of truth by Leibniz remains a popular view of the nature of truth. According to Leibniz, truth is a product of two factors- a predicate and a subject. Leibniz theorize s that the truth about an individual’s quality is derived from the concept of the individual itself (Zalta 2). The simple version of the theory is that a predicate is true because of the existence of the subject. This means that any statement can be true since one only needs to relate the two individual aspects that form the predicate and subject. For example, when one makes a statement that ‘ this essay was written by a man, the subject here will be the man and the predicate is the act of writing. For this statement to be true, the writing must have been done by a man according to the speaker. Therefore once predicate and subject are linked, the statement becomes true without any attempt to rationalize it in terms of external correlatives. ‘S’ is ‘P’ is a general summary of the theory of truth; where ‘S’ is the subject and ‘P’ is the predicate. Leibniz (a) states that even for those statements that are not naturally i n the form of ‘S’ is ‘P’ could be restated to align themselves to the theory (226). Dorian gives a very good example, â€Å"Pam is writing this essay at 10:21 a.m. on November 9, 2009. This statement is true because writing this essay at this exact moment is part of the definition of Pam. That is, it is part of my essence as Pam to be writing this paper at this exact point in time. In this sense, writing this paper right now (predicate) is contained in the definition of me (subject)† (3). Leibniz goes further as to state that even for statements that show relationship or interconnection, they can be restated in a manner that shows that they refer to the subject and its inherent qualities.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore in a statement where Peter is older than John, the truth about Peter’s superior age continues to stand regardless of the fact that John exists or does not exist. Dorian finds this to be a ‘strange concept’ since it fails to give credence to the existence of extrinsic factors that could also influence the truth (3). From Leibniz’s theory of truth, various inferences can be drawn as to physical and metaphysical aspects. First, Leibniz (a) states that â€Å"nothing is without reason† (226). This is what is generally regarded as the Principle of Sufficient reason without which Leibniz (b) states that â€Å"the universe would not make any sense, and science and philosophy both would be impossible(66).† The Principle of Sufficient reason augments Leibniz’s theory of truth since if there existed something without a cause then there would be no link between â€Å"S† and â€Å"P† and the theory of truth would come to naught. Therefore Leibniz holds that all things whether physical or metaphysical have a sufficient reason for their existence whether kn own to man or not. Several interesting inferences can then be drawn from Leibniz’s school of thought. First, he seems to be advocating for a deterministic view of the world (Leibniz (c) 23). Since no two finite things can interact to bring cause i.e. since cause in itself is inherent in the subject, the only logical discourse that can be drawn from the theory is that God is the author of all things past, present and future. This means that there is what Dorian terms as ‘pre-established harmony’ in things (4). It thus follows that our view of the world as events happening in ‘real time’ is not a reality since they have already been scripted and are happening parallel to each other. Using the theory of truth, the only logical reason for this is that the mind and the body cannot also relate causally. Since all truths are thus a priori, vacuums and empty spaces do not exist. Additionally, the theory that atoms can exist in a free state is not true due to the indivisibility of matter. Each particle in matter has its own complex world and there is no simplicity in any being. Leibniz’s theory also dismisses the existence of space and states that it is an idea. This statement puts into doubt the existence of geometry and other ‘material-based’ studies. All kinds of materiality are also dismissed and there is infinity in matter. In short, Leibniz’s theory of truth eventually becomes extremely rationalist and shuns all kinds of empirical thought.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leibniz’s theory of truth specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What bears most significance in Leibniz’s theory of truth is that the truth is already existent within the subject. Since there is no relation and causality between things, then naturally, it flows that God is the only cause. It means that He not only created the world as an infinite system, he also guides the intelligence and knowledge of the truth. In Leibniz’s (b) own words; â€Å"Now it is obvious that all true predication has some foundation in the nature of things, and when a proposition is not identical, that is to say when the predicate is not expressly included in the subject, it must be virtually included in it. This being so, we can say that the nature of an individual substance or of a complete being is to have a notion so complete that it is sufficient to include, and to allow the deduction of, all the predicates of the subject to which that notion is attributed† (8). The theory of truth and that of sufficient reason represent a one sided view of the nature of the world and the existence of truth and knowledge. Many critics have dismissed Leibniz’s work as being too ‘rationalist’ or too ‘religious’. Other scholars such as Hume have even come up with extremely opposite views instead focusing on the empirical and ig noring the rational (Dorian 7). Another argument has been that the theory of sufficient reason is a result of human imagination and things are actually not connected and where they are, it is random and coincidental. However, all this criticism cannot take away the fact that Leibniz’s work laid the foundation for modern theorists such as Immanuel Kant, whose theories are more widely celebrated. Works Cited Dorian, Pam. On the Nature of Truth: A comparative essay on Leibniz’ containment theory of truth and Hume’s distinction between ‘relations of ideas’ and ‘matters of fact. 11 Aug 2009. Web. www.personal.psu.edu/ped127/blogs/†¦e†¦/PHIL%20202%20PAPER.docx Leibniz, Gofffried (a). New Essays on Human Understanding (Edited and translated by Remnant and Bennett). Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1996. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Leibniz, Gofffried (b). Theodicy (Edited by Farrer, translated by Huggard). London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1951. Print. Leibniz, Gofffried (c). The Correspondence with Clarke (Edited by Alexander). Manchester, Manchester University Press, 1956. Print. Zalta, Edward. (Leibnizian) Theory of Concepts. Logical Analysis and History of Philosophy, 3 (2000): 137-183. Print. This essay on Leibniz’s theory of truth was written and submitted by user Fiona Burris to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Three reasons why personal training is the best job for college students

Three reasons why personal training is the best job for college students If you’re a college student, you’ll probably agree when I say that finding a job that lets you balance your schedule around your classes and makes a decent income is really challenging. But what if there was a job that allowed you to work around your own schedule, could bring in upwards of $50 an hour, and could be turned into an actual full-time career? I have good news; there is a career just like this: a certified personal trainer.Here are some of the benefits of becoming a certified personal trainer while you’re in college. 1. Certifications can be earned in a few monthsI know what you’re thinking: â€Å"more classes and coursework while I’m in college? Ugh.† While this is true, think more about the investment you are making in yourself, as well as the flexibility the future will hold, than the prerequisites for getting certified. You also must consider the potential pay of this part-time gig, but we’ll get more into that below.Get ting a nationally accredited personal training certification from a major company like NASM, ACE, or Fitness Mentors can be accomplished in a few short months. You can register for an exam before you go into college (i.e., your summer after high school), while in college, or during summer break and knock out your studies, so they don’t overlap with your regular semesters.Certification will allow you to get a variety of different personal training jobs such as within gyms, as a self-employed trainer, or even on your college campus. Even more beneficial, the skills you’ll learn in exercise science and nutrition will be valuable for your entire life.2. Flexible job marketThere are several places of employment for the certified personal trainer. The most popular of these is obvious: at the gym.But outside of the gym, there are a lot of different places to get a job as a personal trainer. Your college campus may have athlete training programs that you can apply to, but you can also find jobs at retirement communities, local country clubs, condo associations, major hotels, and resorts, at athletic performance centers (outside the college), via online training, and of course, the entrepreneurial route as a self-employed trainer. The list goes on!Depending on your place of employment you may very well be able to train on the days that you have availability. For example, in college, I trained on Tuesdays and Thursdays as well as on the weekends and scheduled my classes on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. I also mixed in a job as a personal trainer at a local gym alongside some private personal training clients.While flexibility is one of the best aspects of a personal training job for a college student, the pay is what is really appealing.3. Personal trainers can work less, and make moreWhen you think of typical college jobs working at the local juice bar or coffee shop, you’re probably lucky if you make $8 an hour. While this may work for some, w hat’s even more appealing about a job as a personal trainer is that you can make considerably more without having to clock in as many hours.The tradeoff is the initial expenses and investment of time in getting certified, but when you read about the potential income, you’ll understand. Take a job at Equinox for example. The personal trainer salary for their lowest tier trainers is $26 an hour. That’s more than double the hourly rate you’d get at a decent entry-level college job and likely to be more than three times what the minimum wage is in your state. At the YMCA, trainers make $15 to $28 per session.It can get even better if you do private personal training. If you run your own personal training business and build your clientele, it’s not uncommon to charge upwards of $50 an hour as an entry-level trainer and more than $100 an hour for a more experienced trainer.You could theoretically make $200 a week and only work four hours. Compare this to working 20 hours at some part-time job and making the same!Work smarter, not harder in collegeAs your parents have probably told you 100 times, â€Å"college is supposed to be one of the best times of your life.† Nobody ever said, â€Å"working in college is the best time of your life,† so why not consider a college job that allows you to make a decent income but also allows you more time for your social life?Consider a job in personal training and how helping people meet their health and wellness goals can also help you reach your personal goals. Learn more about other part-time jobs or search jobs in your area today.About the Author:Eddie Lester is a personal trainer from Los Angeles and the Founder and CEO of Fitness Mentors. With over 10 years of experience and eight different certifications and specializations, as well as multiple years of teaching training at a vocational college, Lester loves sharing his knowledge of practical training experience as well as how to study for PT exams. Lester is the author of Business and Sales: The Guide to Success as a Personal Trainer.

International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

International Marketing - Essay Example Spain is the principal olive oil manufacturer in the world. Therefore, the companies producing olive oil in Spain will diversify their markets by exploiting market opportunities. Over the past 20 years, there has been an augment in olive oil consumption in United Kingdom where in 2010; half of the households were consuming olive oil. United Kingdom is the main importer of olive oil in the world (Food & Drink Innovation Network 2010, p. 1). The company will, therefore, expand its market by selling olive oil surplus in United Kingdom. The other objective of the company will be to increase the awareness of its olive oil brands among customers in United Kingdom. United Kingdom is the largest consumer of olive oil in Europe. There are various uses of olive oil as a salads condiment or a cooking ingredient (Harwood & Aparicio 2000, p. 15). The company will seek to inform olive oil consumers concerning the various dietary benefits and outstanding culinary traits of consuming olive oil. The company has to inform consumers about their product, first whether it is extra virgin olive oil, which is utilized principally for dressing salads, for preparing sauces and as a dip for bread. Mixed oil and olive oil are utilized for cooking and preparing tender sauces. Assessment of the Market Over the last twenty years, the consumption of olive oil in the United Kingdom has been increasing constantly. From 1990 to 2009, the United Kingdom share of the global consumption of olive oil increased from 1.9% to 2.9%. All the quantity of olive oil consumed in the United Kingdom is imported. Spain is the leading exporter of olive oil in the United Kingdom. In 2009, half of the United Kingdom households were... This paper stresses that the company has to assess the size of the potential market, the type and level of competition, promotional variations, price, product variations and barriers to trade. The company has also to analyze the cost effectiveness of various modes of transport. The company has to identify marketing objectives, marketing strategies and marketing budget of this market. The company has also to identify the potential customers of olive oil in United Kingdom, identify the critical issues and develop a system of monitoring and evaluating the marketing activities. This essay makes a conclusion that while preparing an initial market plan, the company first identifies the target market. The company will then conduct a market analysis to evaluate the viability of the market. Secondly, the company set objectives it seeks to achieve in the new market. The analysis of the company comprises of the assessment of the market environment. The assessment will identify the prevailing economic conditions, challenges and the level of competition. The company decides the best marketing mix for its products. The company will offer a broad variety of products with different brand names, which will attract new customers. The company will adopt advertising activities, which will persuade consumers to buy its products. The pricing strategy of the company will influence the amount of sales in the target market. The company has to develop distribution channels, which will deliver products to the target customers.

When is marketing a valuable social practice Term Paper

When is marketing a valuable social practice - Term Paper Example There are a myriad of ethical challenges faced by marketers across the globe. Brenkert, a philosopher, points out some of these key challenges. The first challenge is the use of sex and fear during marketing campaigns. A number of critiques believe that some of the marketing materials used to instill fear amongst the public from using a product or associating with other people. The second challenge is deception and invasion of privacy. Marketing has been criticized for aiding greed, providing misleading information as they persuade people to buy products and services they do not need and spent a lot of money that could be used in other areas. It’s also been criticized for neglecting the low-end people in the society and only focuses on the rich tycoons in the society. Since marketers are only concerned by those who are able to buy their products, they are seldom concerned about the poor people. Advertisements are directed to the poor people are very low-quality ones. Finally, it’s been accused of being intrusive and might distract attention of people. With the above challenges and accusations, critiques have regarded marketing as a waste of time, and spend a lot of resources convincing customers to purchase products and access services they don’t need. It has been blamed for promoting consumerism and materialism.

Partnership and collaboration in the promotion of child development Essay

Partnership and collaboration in the promotion of child development - Essay Example When looking at Louisa and James’ family, it can be seen that interactions and finding solutions for various situations can change the overall development of all the children. The scenario that requires specific actions is with Serena and the current situation that she has created with both school and personal development. Scenario of Serena Serena is known as a scholarly student in school and is continuously performing to have average to good marks in school. However, Serena’s personal relationships have recently altered. Serena is a daughter from Louisa’s previous marriage with her birth father, Colin. While Louisa has been in a relationship with James since Serena since she was one years of age, there are different dynamics from the previous relationship. Serena first met her father when she was six months old; however, the interactions were limited. Six months ago, Serena’s birth father, Colin, began to move into more contact with Serena. There have be en several interactions between the two in the past few months. The teachers and administration at the school have noted that in the same few months, Serena is beginning to alter with her studies. Her attendance has altered and she is withdrawn when she is in the classroom, as opposed to having the regular interactions and alertness that was noted from her past behaviours. There may be several reasons associated with this, all which are leading to different behaviours among Serena. The problem that has compounded is one which is directly linked to personal relationships; however, the interference with Serena’s school work is leading to new concerns among individuals and professionals. Providing Integrated Services from Children’s Services The problem that has arisen with Serena is one which requires integrated services to work effectively. The relationship is the basis of this; however, the effects which are occurring with school work are creating alterations in how th e main problem can be approached. The integrated services include the family that is involved in the relationship. It also includes professionals that are working within the school as well as counsellors who may be able to assist Serena to become more alert in school and to separate the personal relationships from the interferences that are occurring in the school (Parton, 976: 2006). For this to work effectively, the integration of the various team members will need to work together with the proper communication and understanding of the complete situation. Protocols and documentation will need to be used to follow with the right communication so the team members can work on the activities on hand while minimizing tensions between the professionals. The inter-personal and professional communication needs to be developed first, specifically which can provide better integrated services for Serena’s situation (Anning, 90: 2006). The two concepts which the integrated services wil l need to use are intervention and protection services. If this is done earlier, than the team will be able to stop any hindrances which may drastically affect Serena’s attendance as well as the potentially hazardous relationship that is affecting her school work. For the integrated services to work, the team defined will first need to define what interventions need to occur (Sloper, 571: 2004). The most well – known factor that is altering with Serena is her attendance and the school work that she is

Poverty and the Welfare State

Poverty and the Welfare State Poverty and the Welfare State. Question 1 Describe critically Murrays analysis of the underclass. How does the population in the USA characterized by his use of this term differ from that in Britain. Question 2 In an essay of no more than 1000 words, outline and critically evaluate the view that the Welfare State tends to create more poverty than it has the ability to solve. your essay must include examples of state policies as well as consider the different ideologies of welfare in Britain Question 1. Murrays articles in the Times magazine in 1989 which outlined his thesis concerning the emergence of an underclass in the UK similar to the one he had already identified in the US has been one of the more controversial texts in social policy recently (Murray, 1989, 1990). Murrays central thesis is that the welfare state through the provision of benefits to unmarried mothers and the cessation of those benefits should these women marry has the effect of removing fatherhood and the influence thereof a father figure from the lives of these children (Murray, 1989). They in turn become dependent upon welfare and so a class of people is formed outside of the norms of wage earning society dependent wholly on the state for support (Murray, 1989). Before we discuss some of the criticisms of this view it is worth noting the peculiarities and differences between Murrays thesis as it relates to the US and the UK. In the first instance Murrays work in the UK is much less racialised than his identification of the population in the US (Murray, 1984). In the case of the US Murrays thesis and identification of the population comprising the majority of the underclass has been that it is a Black population. Murray then identified single black mothers as forming the core of the underclass. While this was a feature certainly still of his analysis of the British underclass it was not as strikingly so as his British version however the later versions of his thesis on the UK underclass also took on these racial overtones, (Murray, 1994). Murray can be criticized on any number of grounds but perhaps some of the most devastating criticisms can be found when we consider research which is actually undertaken on those who constitute the underclass rather than abstract theorizing about the underclass which denotes much of the vague definitions of what the underclass is meant to be (Alcock 1997). In this regard recent work by Edwards and Duncan (1997) for example has demonstrated the degree to which the stereotypes of the composition of the underclass do not match the realities of the lives involved. In their study of single women with children and their uptake of paid work they found that black single mothers living in positively regarded underclass areas (inner city areas of London for example) were more likely to seek work and to regard working themselves as being beneficial for their children (Edwards and Duncan, 1997:33). This was in contrast to single mothers from less predominantly underclass areas that held traditio nal views about rearing their children. These views emphasised the importance of caring for their children through being at home with them rather than outside the home in employment. Consequently the members of this group were much less likely to have work or to seek work or see work as a good. Thus the image of black single mothers creating an underclass through their rejection of a work ethic would seem to be unfounded. Thus even in this small instance fatal flaws in Murrays thesis can be identified, ultimately it can be said that the very vagueness of the definitions of what constitutes the underclass in the literature can it be argued be seen to be reflective of the fact that an identifiable object such as the underclass is impossible to define and serves merely as a critique of welfare arrangements and a moral attack on the nature of those who are marginalized by society. Question 2. With the collapse of communist states across the world in the 1980s a major perceived competitor to the market economy was removed with some like Fukuyama proclaiming it to be the end of history and the triumphant victory of liberalism (Fukuyama, 1992). In the UK as in other European countries of course the welfare state has mediated against the evils of capitalism as set out by Beveridge for some time, serving as Marxists had argued as a bribe of the working class and ensuring the legitimization and continuation of the welfare state (Mishra, 1990). It is not surprising then with all the past attacks on the nature of the welfare state to note that with the end of history there has come a renewed assault on the welfare state in the UK. Criticisms of the welfare state have come from both the left and the right but also crucially from the middle way of social democratic viewpoints. Almost consistent research has demonstrated the failure of the welfare state in reducing relative levels of poverty; in fact the UK today has a divide between rich and poor which is increasing quicker than at any other time in the history of the welfare state (Hills and Stewart, 2005). Thus it has become an almost consistent feature of debate that the welfare state has failed but the reasons given for this failure are completely oppositional. The two most prominent sources of these reasons have been neo-liberalists and social democratic parties. For neo-liberalists the evils of the welfare state far outweigh the evils of the free market so in discussing the view that the welfare state creates poverty it is worth recounting their views on the failings of the welfare state. At the core of many of the arguments thus against the welfare state are notions of desert. Desert is seen as a principle of morals and thus the failings of the welfare state in this respect is a moral failure which in turn leads to the moral turpitude of those the welfare state attempts to help (Lavalette and Pratt, 1997). This moral attack on the poor and the perceived institutions which has lead to their poverty is of course nothing new (Thane, 1992). Since the Poor Law state welfare arrangements have been criticized for the creation of a mentality which is seen to encourage indolence and decrease motivation towards self-sufficiency. The reliance on welfare thus leads to unwillingness to seek work. This in turn has the effect of leading to increased taxation to support those unwilling to work. This then in turn leads to increased difficulties for employers in terms of paying higher salaries to counter higher taxation and so on into a vicious cycle of dependency (Hayek, 1990). Such a trend it is argues lay at the heart of the Oil Crises and the subsequent retrenchment of the welfare state in the UK and elsewhere. Thus for the neo-liberal critique it is the totality of the welfare state which not only fails in reducing poverty but also serves to in fact create more. It does this both in a structural sense by hindering the effective operation of the market but also by creating in those who are recipients of welfare a mentality which causes them to retreat from the fundamental basics of economic life in seeking employment. Thus for neo-liberals measures such as Income Maintenance support schemes serve to create a duality of factors leading to the increase of poverty. Reform of the welfare state for neo-liberalists must be done so that only the bare minimum of services are required for those who are truly in need, such as the young, aged or infirm, (Fitzpatrick, 2001). Amidst these criticisms the welfare state in the UK has undergone revisions also from its social collectivist roots. This may be surprising but we can view this a response to critiques of the welfare state from both left and right and hence theyre emerged consequently an articulation of a Third Way, (Giddens, 1994). This Third Way was to be a radical re-conceptualisation of the basis and functions of the welfare state. As such then it can be seen that New Labour in particular has followed in the footsteps of Thatcher towards reforming the welfare state. But how effective have these reforms been and what is their basis? Perhaps the most potent of these transformations has been in a shift away from the universalism of the early welfare state to a new selectivitist philosophy. Selectivism entails the targeting of benefits through such measures as means-testing and other income threshold schemes so as that ideally those that need it the most benefit from the specified arrangement (Lowe, 2005). If anything their effect on the poorest has been marginal as these people are already in receipt of benefits and the introduction of means tests has had little impacts. Instead a stealth reform of the welfare state has occurred and those who were on the margins, previously covered by the benefit are now excluded on the basis of their income being over thresholds, even if this is just marginal, (Esping-Anderson, 2002). Thus we can argue that this selectivist based reform of the welfare state has worsened life for many by removing the safety net for all that existed previously under a universalist system. What this means in other words is that the Third Way of Labour has in actuality enhanced and widened the gaps between rich and poor and made the effects of poverty worse their reforms in favour of making the welfare state more effective. The pace and scale of the gap and its widening between rich and poor can be considered in this light. Indeed this notion of effectiveness found in much of social policy discourse can often be seen as simply cost-cutting exercises. The effects of which are leading to a situation where it is arguable that we have now seen neo-liberalism by the back door with major consequences for UK policy treatment of both poverty itself and those living in poverty. References Alcock, P. (1997); Understanding Poverty, Palgrave, Basingstoke UK Edwards, R. and Duncan S. (1997); Supporting the Family: Lone Mothers, Paid Work and the Underclass Debate; Critical Social Policy, Vol.7 No. 4 Esping-Anderson, G. (2002); Why We Need a New Welfare State, Oxford University Press, Oxford UK Fitzpatrick, T. (2001); Welfare Theory: An Introduction, Palgrave, Basingstoke UK Fukuyama, F. (1992); The End of History and the Last Man, Penguin, New York US Giddens, A. (1994); Beyond Left and Right: The Future of Radical Politics, Stanford University Press, California US Hayek, F.A.V. (1990); Economic Freedom, Blackwell, Oxford UK Hills, J. and Stewart, K. (2005); A More Equal Society, Policy Press, Bristol UK Lavalette, M. and Pratt, A. (1997); Social Policy: A Theoretical and Conceptual Introduction, Sage, London UK Lowe, R. (2005); The Welfare State in Britain since 1945, Palgrave, Basingstoke UK Mishra, R. (1990); The Welfare State in Capitalist Society, Harvester Wheatsheaf, New York US Murray, C. (1984); Losing Ground: American Social Policy 1950-1980, Basic Books, New York Murray, C. (1989); Underclass; Sunday Times Magazine, 26th November Murray, C. (1990), The Emerging British Underclass, IEA, London UK Murray, C. (1994); Underclass: The Crisis Deepens; The Sunday Times, 29th May Thane, P. (1982); The Foundations of the Welfare State, Longman, London UK

A Comparison of Perfection in Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knig

Perfection in Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight The heroes of both Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight are fighters. However, the traits they have in common are far less numerous than those that set them apart. As each of the two is dubbed perfect by his contemporaries, it should be possible to draw the picture of both the model warrior and the paragon knight by comparing Beowulf and Gawain. The first question to arise is that of leadership. In Beowulf, the hero is referred to as "prince"*, the "helmet-of-Weders"**, or "master-friend"***. This is not without reason: in the times of the epic, might did literally make right. Therefore, he who was to be an accomplished warrior had to display a leader s qualities as well as combat prowess. As for the knights, they had their appointed ruler, king Arthur, and none thought of challenging him. Neither did any of the knights distinguish himself as a general; all their exploits were done single-handedly. Now, let us focus on combat. Beowulf fights a great many battles during his life, and while some of these are only briefly mentioned (the famous sea-monsters, for instance), the really titanic ones are described fully and with abundance of detail. The clash between the Geats and Grendel may serve as an example here: " Now many an earl of Beowulf brandished blade ancestral, ( ) The outlaw dire Took mortal hurt "* And so it continues for fifty-one verses. And this is but one of the heroe s armed encounters! Clearly, one has to fight much to be a great warrior The matter is quite different when it comes to knights. While Gawain's skill with sword and lance is highly praised throughout the poem, his battles are only hinted at as... ...e himself notices, "nothing is said of Beowulf's wife in the poem, but Bugge surmises that Beowulf finally accepted Hygd's offer of kingdom and hoard, and, as was usual, took her into the bargain"*** - which reflects the lack of concern a true warrior should show when dealing with women. There is, however, a trait common to the warrior and the knight: the two have a set of rules they should obey. And though the regulations that force Beowulf to come to Hrothgar's help are not nearly as neatly organised as Gawain's chivalric code embodied in the "pentangle"****, the idea of being compelled to act in a way dictated by generally accepted rules appears in both poems. We have thereby drawn the pictures of the ideal men of two different ages, and proved in the process how much the notion of perfection has changed from Beowulf to Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.

Celebrity Synthesis

Celebrities s are not entitled to the same privacy as normal citizens because they are dollied so much by socio TTY, play a huge ole in determining the social norms of the community, and sacrificed a right t o privacy in exchange for fame. Celebrities are dollied by countless people, made up mostly of the younger g enervation, and are often viewed as role models. This makes it only right for their private I ivies to be made known to the individuals who hold them in such high regard. The way people live their private lives does tell us things that can help to make judgments about them. † (Sour CE E) A peek into the lives of their favorite stars allows fans to see how these celebrities really a CT and behave, ether than the image they attempt to portray. This enables individuals to ma eke the proper judgments as to whether or not to continue to idealize that particular star. W hen a celebrity has â€Å"lied about or deceptively omitted† (Source A) something, they â€Å"ca nnot then c nominal when the Richards 2 truth becomes known. (Source A) If celebrities are going to pose as role mod else, especially for the younger population, the fact that their private lives will have to be shared must be accepted. These stars are public figures that play a huge role in determining the social n arms of society. In recent decades, â€Å"Celebrities have become the chief agents of moral change in the united states. : (Source C) justifying their lack of privacy. People base their moor alls and behavior on the way celebrities act and carry themselves.Society has â€Å"populated [their] lives with celebrities†¦ Whose stories we eagerly weave into our own lives. † (Source C) Of ten celebrities use their personal lives to further their career and so â€Å"cannot object when others question whether their carefully scripted images are accurate. : (Source B) In order to continue t hold celebrities in such high regard, individuals must have access to the tru th behind these image sees. Without a look into the personal lives Of celebrities, society WOUld not know who these stars t rule were.People would base their lives on the public image portrayed by these stars rather that n on the character of these role models. Thus access to the secret lives of celebrities allows society to determine whose morals are true and can be followed and held in high regard. It is common knowledge how intrusive the media can be when it comes to cell verities, and hose who came into fame were well aware that from that moment on their p riveter lives would no longer belong to just them.

How to Study for SAT Subject Tests 5 Expert Tips

How to Study for SAT Subject Tests 5 Expert Tips SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you taking an SAT Subject Test soon and want to know how to be well prepared on exam day? You've come to the right place! In this guide, I explain everything you need to know about how to study for SAT Subject Tests, including which exam(s) you should take, the five most important steps for preparing for a Subject Test, and additional tips to help you maximize your score. This guide can be used to help you prepare for any and all of the 20 different Subject Tests offered, so let’s get started! Introduction to SAT Subject Tests Before we get into how to prepare for SAT Subject Tests, let’s go over some basic information on them. SAT Subject Tests are meant to measure your knowledge and skills in a specific area. This is in contrast to the ACT and regular SAT, both of which assess multiple subject areas.Some colleges require or recommend that you submit Subject Test scores when you apply to that school so they canget a better idea of your academic abilities. Each SAT Subject Test is an hour long, has 50-95 multiple-choice questions, and isscored on a scale of 200-800. SAT Subject Tests are offered several times a year, on all the same dates as the general SAT except for March. This means that SATSubject Tests are offered in the following months annually: May June August October November December However, not every Subject Test is available on every date. Check out our guide to learn the exact dates each Subject Test is offered.In most cases, you can take up to three Subject Tests in one day. Which SAT Subject Tests Should You Take? Before you can begin preparing for SAT Subject Tests, you need to decide which ones to take. The College Board offers 20 different SAT Subject Tests infive main areas. Here is the full list: English Literature History US History World History Languages Chinese with Listening French French with Listening German German with Listening Italian Japanese with Listening Korean with Listening Latin Modern Hebrew Spanish Spanish with Listening Mathematics Mathematics Level 1 Mathematics Level 2 Science Biology E/M Chemistry Physics The most important factor when deciding which Subject Test to take iswhat the colleges you’re thinking of applying to require or recommend. Some schools want you to take Subject Tests in the area you plan on majoring in, whereas others want one Subject Test score from Math/Science and another from Literature/History to show that you’re well rounded. In addition, some schools require or recommend only one Subject Test score, whereas others expect two or three. Be sure to research this information before you begin studying so you don’t end up preparing for and taking a Subject Test you didn’t actually need to take! The other factor to consider is which subject areas you are best in and/or enjoy the most.For example, if you did well in your chemistry class at school and need a science SAT Subject Test, you might want to consider the Chemistry Subject Test. Finally, it’s often easier to do well on Subject Tests that are closely related to classes you've already taken, especially AP classes. If you just took AP World History and studied a lot for the AP exam, you might not need to do much studying at all in order to prepare for the World History SAT Subject Test, especially if you take it in May right after your class ends. How to Study for SAT Subject Tests After you’ve figured out which SAT Subject Test you’ll be taking, follow these five steps in order to prepare for the exam. These steps cover everything you need to do from the time you begin studying up until test day. Step 1: Take an Initial Practice Test One of the first things you should do istakea full-length practice exam for the Subject Test you’re planning to take.Once finished, complete and score your practice exam to see how well you did. For more tips on how to find high-quality practice exams and how to take a practice test most effectively, check out the "How to Use Practice SAT Subject Tests Effectively" section below. Aim to get higher than the average score for that SAT Subject Testfor the most competitive school you’re applying to.You can sometimesfind average Subject Test scores on the admissions page of a school’s website. If you can’t find this information, though, consider contacting the school directly. You can also check outthe average score for each Subject Test. Ourguide shows you how well test takers do on each SAT Subject Test. But ifyou’re applying to a particularly competitive school, you’ll likely have to aim higher than just the average test score depicted on the chart. Try to aim for the top 25% of test takers, or even the top 5% if you’re applying totop-tier schools. Step 2: Decide How Much You Want to Study Once you have your practice test score, see how far it is from the goal score you’re aiming for. If your practice test score is pretty close to the score you’re hoping to get on the real Subject Test, you might only need to do light studying between now and the exam. If you have some ground to gain, you’ll likely want to do some more serious preparation. Keep reading to find out exactly what you'll need to do. Step 3: Gather the Materials You Need Now, it’s time to start gathering the materials you need to prepare for your SAT Subject Test.Study materials can include class notes as well as review books specifically focusing on the Subject Test you're taking.There are a lot of review books out there, but some of the most popular are those produced by Barron’s, Kaplan, and The Princeton Review. The College Board also offersofficial study books for some of the more popular Subject Tests, such as Math Level 1, Math Level 2, US History, and World History. However, these books are mostly just practice exams and explanations of answers as opposed to thorough content reviews. Visit the College Board's online store for a full list of SAT Subject Test study guides(or scroll down to the next section!). Alternatively, you might want to buyThe Official Study Guide for All SAT Subject Tests, which (as you probably guessed) providesan overview of the Subject Tests, quality practice questions, and one full-length practice test per exam.At present, the book sells for around $10 on Amazon. Finally, we at PrepScholar have created specific study guides to help you prepare for the Biology, Chemistry, Literature, Physics, US History, and World HistorySAT Subject Tests. Step 4: Create a Study Plan Developing a prep plan is important because it helps you commit to study times and track your progress.Try to set aside the same time to study each week, such as 2-4 pm on Sundays or 5-6:30 pm on Tuesdays and Thursdays.This will make it easier to remember when to study and allow you to plan other activities around your prep sessions. You should also set weekly or monthly goals you hope to accomplish. This will help track your progress and ensure you’re where you need to be. Example goals include things such as "I want to understand properties of functions by the end of the week," or "I want to raise my score 20 points by the end of the month." Be sure to also schedule time to take practice tests and track your progress. Ideally, you’ll take at least two practice tests before the real deal, with one at the beginning of your studying and one at the end. If you’re studying a lot or over a long period of time, you might want to schedule one or more additional practice tests during the middle of your studying. Step 5: Start Studying! Now, it’s time to get down to business and begin studying! When you’re reviewing material, your best bet is usually to use your prep book as your main resource,and use your class notes for any topics you want more in-depth information on. Trying to review all your class notes for a subject can be very time consuming and possibly not that helpful if your class didn’t focus on the same topics the Subject Test focuses on. Prep books, on the other hand, are specifically designed to focus exactly on what the Subject Test covers.Below, we give you more information about how to use practice tests as well asfinal tips for studying for SAT Subject Tests. How to Use Practice SAT Subject Tests Effectively Practice tests are one of the most important tools in helping you reach your SAT Subject Test score goals, so you want to use them wisely. These three guidelines will help you do just this. Stick With High-Quality Tests Your practice test results are only as good as the quality of the practice test itself.If your practice test isn’t very similar to the real Subject Test, you won’t be getting an accurate idea of how well you’re scoring or what skills you should improve. Practice tests from the College Board are the best sources to use since you can be sure they’ll give you a good idea of the real exam. As I mentioned above, the College Board'sThe Official Study Guide for All SAT Subject Testsincludes one previously administered exam for each of the 20 Subject Tests. So if you’re planning to take multiple Subject Tests, this is a great resource to use. There are also official prep books for the seven following SAT Subject Tests: Math Level 1 Math Level 2 US History World History Chemistry Biology Physics Unofficial practice books that are still high quality include those produced by Barron’s, Kaplan, and The Princeton Review. There are other resources out there, too, so it can help to go to a bookstore and flip through a few books or read online reviews to decide which resource is best for you. Take the Test Under Real Test Conditions In order to get the most accurate idea of where you're currently scoring on your SAT Subject Test, you need to make sure your practice test conditions are as realistic as possible.This means taking the test in one sitting, timed (each Subject Test is an hour), and with no distractions. Track Your Progress Tracking your practice test scores over time is one of the best ways to see whether and where you’ve made improvements. Almost every practice test has instructions on how to calculate your score, but if you get confused, you can alwayscheck out our guide for a review.Unlike the general SAT, for SAT Subject Testsyou lose a fraction of a point for each question you answer incorrectly, so too many random guesses could very well bring down your score. Here's how scoring works for Subject Tests(all the Subject Tests except the foreign language tests have five answer choices. Foreign languages tests have four answer choices): You get 1 point for each correct answer. A fraction of a point is subtracted for wrong answers: 1/4 point is subtracted for five-choice questions. 1/3 point is subtracted for four-choice questions. 1/2 point is subtracted for three-choice questions. No points are deducted for questions left blank. If yourfinal score is a fraction, it's rounded to the nearest whole number - 1/2 or more is rounded up; less than 1/2 is rounded down. If you aren’t improving as much as you want to, try using different prep resources or changing up the way you study. It might be helpful to focus more on taking practice tests, study at a different time or day, or use other study methods such as flashcards. 3 Tips for Getting Your Best SAT Subject Test Score Now that we've thoroughly covered the basics of how to study for SAT Subject Tests, here are three advanced tips to helpyou get your best score. Know Your Learning Style There is no one-size-fits-all study plan, and the best way to see the results you want is to use your learning style to your advantage.Maybe you’re a visual learner and need to see diagrams, charts, and images for the information you’re learning to sink in. Or perhaps you’re an auditory learner and learn best with audiobooks or podcasts. You might already know what your learning style is, but, if not, try out different methods of studying and see which work best. You can also alter the day of the week, time of day, and length of time you study to see if that makes any difference. Don't Passively Study It might be easiest to let your eyes drift over the pages you’re studying, but this rarely gets you the results you want.Try to make your studying as active as possible. This might mean drawing diagrams, making flashcards, having a friend quiz you, or even just pausing every few minutes to review what you’ve read and ensure you’re actually retaining the information. The less passive your studying is, the more likely you are to see significant improvements. Zero In on the Areas and Skills You Need to Improve When preparing for an SAT Subject Test, make sure you’re spending most of your time on the areas and skills you need to improve the most. If you’re studying for the World History Subject Test and are solid on European history but struggle with Asian history, don’t spend an equal amount of time reviewing Europe and Asia. Instead, you’ll want to spend more time focusing on important Asian events, periods, and people, and only come back to Europe for a quick, occasional review to make sure you still remember everything. By spending the majority of your time on the areas where you have the most room to improve, you’ll likely see score improvements more quickly. Summary: How to Study for SAT Subject Tests If you want to get top scores, you have to understand how to prepare for SAT Subject Tests.Follow these five steps in order to be well prepared for any Subject Test: Take an initial practice test Decide how much you need to study Gather the materials you need Create a study plan Start studying! Additionally, remember to use your practice tests effectively, practice active studying, and focus most of your time on the areas you need to make the biggest improvements in. What's Next? Wondering how to register for an SAT Subject Test? Our step-by-step guide walks you through everything you need to know to get started. Which is more important: AP tests or SAT Subject Tests? Learn how the two tests compareand which examsyou should spend more time preparing for. Not sure whether to take the Math Level 1 or Math Level 2 Subject Test? Our guide explains the differences between the two exams and helps you decide which one to take. Need a little extra help prepping for your Subject Tests? We have the industry's leading SAT Subject Test prep programs (for all non-language Subject Tests). Built by Harvard grads and SAT Subject Test full or 99th %ile scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Learn more about our Subject Test products below:

Community mental health act 1963 Essays

Community mental health act 1963 Essays Community mental health act 1963 Paper Community mental health act 1963 Paper Community mental health center act of 1963 was a significant milestone in America’s record of mental health rights. On 31st October 1963, the act was signed into a regulation by President John F. Kennedy. The law was the pioneer among other many federal policy alterations that helped ignite a significant transformation of the communal mental health arrangement by shifting resources outside huge organization toward community-based mental health action line up. The act lead to the increased improvement in the rights and treatment options for youth, children and  adults living with mental sickness, though full guarantee of community-base concern has not been fully captured. This paper seeks to explain the rationale of community mental health center act of 1963. President Kennedy referred to the law as a bold new approach and it was the first federal bylaw to promote community-based mental health care. The Act offered donations to state for the building of (CMHC) community mental health centers, special facilities designed for treatment, diagnosis and delivery of mental health prevention to persons living in the community. The centers were built to provide the following indispensable services: inpatient services, emergency services, education and consultation on mental health, outpatient services, partial hospitalization and emergency response. The donations were projected to provide 1500 more community mental health centers across the country (Dolan Powell, 2001). The act was proposed because the country was experiencing an increased number of children and adults with mental illness. In mid-1950’s, over 500,000 adults and children were institutionalized for mental sickness. The public sentiment concerning the system of institutionalization started to transform. People questioned the usefulness of the institutional care. The public criticized that THE COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH ACT OF 1963 3 the care centers did not treat patients holistically while others said that the centers worsened the patient’s mental status. In addition, the increased awareness of the appalling conditions in several psychiatric hospitals made mandatory for these centers to implement better treatment options for these patients. The president proposed the community mental health act because of the  intensified pressure from the general public demanding changes in the public mental health system (Hill, 1963). These institutions had few and under skilled staff to cater for the large number of patients. Thousands of patients were living in these institutions for long periods without care of treatment. For example, the standard period of stay for a patient suffering from schizophrenia was 11 years. The act was vital to the people with mental illnesses who were housed in these places for long periods of time before being able to move back into a community setting. The act drastically changed the delivery of mental health services and brought about a change in public opinion about the mental health concern. The development of effectual psychotropic medications and new practice in psychotherapy made society-based concern for individuals with mental illnesses a realistic solution. This gave people awareness that mental sicknesses could be treated more successfully and in a less expensive way rather than the customary psychiatric hospitals. The act led to development of wide-ranging community mental health centers all over the country. People came to acknowledge the need for more treatment alternatives for addiction disorders, as services delivered to the mental ill patients became assorted and widespread. The decree came to fruition by a key study of the care of patients with mental sickness during President Eisenhower’s reign, and led to a report in 1961. The 1961 report was referred as Joint THE COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH ACT OF 1963 4 Commission on Mental Illness and Health: Action for Mental Health. President Kennedy signed the Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act of  1963 just 23 days before he was assassinated in Dallas. President Kennedy said, â€Å"The law facilitated various positive transformations for millions of Americans: the deinstitutionalization of mental health concerns and the construction of community mental health centers all over the United States, advance research grant, increase consideration to the requirements of those with mental illness, educate medical doctors and supplementary mental health experts in community-based care, instruct about the significance of working in an interdisciplinary approach to serve patients and families, and merge social,  environmental and mental aspects to help in the recovery of patients. † The president proposed the act to help in the inauguration of a wholly innovative emphasis and manner to care for mental ill patients. The system would make use of new drugs obtained and manufactured in current years for faster and appropriate treatment of mentally ill persons and return them to a useful state in society. The act was projected to help many mentally ill patients since it will help them remain in their homesteads without causing hardship to them as well as their families. The main objective of the act was to cut down the institutional population. The number of institutions had decreased by 75% by 1980 and the number continued to decrease gradually. There were about 55,000 institutionalized people in 2000 which represent less than 10% of the institutions in mid-1950’s. The change was especially prominent among youth and children. The institutionalized population had decreased by 98% by 2009. Despite this advancement, the public mental health systems significantly failed to provide adequate resources THE COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH ACT OF 1963 5 and staff members to support and treat persons at home and in the community-based settings. The service arrangement in many societies continues to be insufficiently intensive and comprehensive to handle the number of adults and young people who return from institutionalized centers. Through proper scrutiny to the public mental health systems, they were critically understaffed and underfunded and this continues until now (Hill, 1963). The people with mental illnesses struggle to stay in their societies in a safe manner due to inadequate support and service. The symptoms of a society lacking enough public mental health system include suicide, substance abuse disorders, increased risk of homelessness, and  incarceration among mentally ill persons. Juvenile justice professionals said that more than 70% of detained youth suffer from a mental disorder and 20% have a serious mental illness. In the recent past many families are take their children to child welfare and juvenile justice systems so that they can access mental health services which are inadequate in the community (Engdahl, 2010). In conclusion, the promise of the Community Mental Health Act has not been understood. The closure of institutions without intensifying community-based services and funding has led to severe hardships on many mentally ill patients. However the elementary principles of community care welcomed in the Act offered the foundation and vision for considerable progress. There is a lot to be done to realize the full promise of the Act to the community. In order to provide treatment and appropriate services to mentally ill patients it is vital to add a number of staff, train the staff and provide adequate funding to ensure proper running of the system. THE COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH ACT OF 1963 6 References Community Mental Health Act. (n. d. ). The National Council Community Mental Health Act Comments. Retrieved July 1, 2014, from thenationalcouncil. org/about/national-mental-health-association/overview/co mmunity-mental-health-act/ Dolan, B. , Powell, D. (2001). The Mental Health Act explained (2nd ed. ). London: Stationery Office. Engdahl, S. (2010). Mental health. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press/Gale Cengage Learning. Hill, J. L. (1963). Mental retardation facilities and community mental health centers construction act of 1963. May 21, 1963. Ordered to be printed. Washington, DC: [s. n. ]. THE COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH ACT OF 1963 7 Kemp, D. R. (2007). Mental health in America a reference handbook. Santa Barbara, Calif. : ABC-CLIO. Mental health systems act: report. (1980). Washington: U. S. Govt. Print. Off.. PsychiatryOnline | Psychiatric News | News Article. (n. d. ). PsychiatryOnline | Psychiatric News | News Article. Retrieved June 30, 2014, from http://psychnews. psychiatryonline. org/newsArticle. aspx? articleid=1769257 The Community Mental Health Act of 1963. (n. d. ). youngmindsadvocacy. org. Retrieved July 2, 2014, from youngmindsadvocacy. org/the-community-mental-health-act-of-1963/ The Community mental health centers act (1963): a commentary.. (1965). Bethesda, Md. : Public Health Service, National Institute of Health :.

Current Trends in Nursing Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Current Trends in Nursing Practice - Essay Example The Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) Medicare creates a shared savings program which will enable us to form an Accountable Care Organization which is legally recognized. This will enable us to coordinate our activities while providing Medicare free-for-services. In addition, an incentive given by the new law will play a significant role in motivating me to reach for more people and offer the necessary attention to all people who need our help irrespective of their location (CCH Incorporated, 2010). Therefore, through personal satisfaction, the Act will play a major role in creating a serene working environment and changing my attitude towards the nursing practices. This will enable me to be more satisfied with my work. Previously, there was no legislation that recognized a group of providers who were willing to offer free services to the members of public. Therefore, the inclusion of this aspect will be of great benefit in motivating me to bring together other like-minded nurses in order to make changes in the lives of the less fortunate in the society (United States,

Can Leaders Really Motivate Employees Assignment - 1

Can Leaders Really Motivate Employees - Assignment Example There are certain employees who want more salary, while there are others who want more power, or other kinds of benefits like accommodation and privileges. Taking these facts into consideration, it can be said that managers motivating employees is a matter of chance. Occasionally, the steps managers take are the ones required to motivate a certain employee, and thus it happens. However, this does not always happen. There are certain ways in which the tendency of an environment to motivate the employees can be enhanced. Still, the influence of that environment upon the employees’ performance would vary from one case to another. Generally, an organization should link reward to performance, and really reward the employees who are found to display better performance. â€Å"To be a successful manager/motivator you must first understand that you cannot motivate anyone. You can only create an environment that encourages and promotes the employees self motivation† (Lowe,

Document Interpretation 1 Upload Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Document Interpretation 1 Upload - Coursework Example According to the story teller, those Natives looked much exited. They danced and signaled the strangers to come to their home. This shows that these natives were friendly and were willing to make friends with strangers whom toured their land. Despite their hospitality, Jacque did not trust them. This is symbolized by the fact that he was afraid to go to their home because his crew had only one boat. May be he was afraid since they had no back up and things could go wrong. The Natives did not let go and made sure that they followed them. They were exited and very happy indeed to have seen the strangers. According to the writer, the Natives showed that they were in need of their friendship. Jacques shot at them and they were afraid since that was strange to them, hence the fled (Sympatico). Jacques and his crew slowly learned how friendly the Natives were. They got closer and closer to them as time went by and soon they were exchanging goods; skins for metallic goods among other goods. After all, the wild people were not such bad people. Despite that they did not have much to offer, they could offer everything that they had. Jacques admired their hospitality and even that he could convert them to his religion. The only problem is that what the wild people offered for trade was of no value (Wisconsin Historical Society). Later, Cartier erected a 30 foot wooden cross which had a fleur-de-lys shieldas well as plaque with â€Å"Vive-le Roi- de France† which means â€Å"long live the king of France,† which had been engraved in it as well as knelt in prayer. Donnacona became upset with the fact that his land was being taken away from him and his people. He showed signs that the land belonged to his people. However, Cartier lied to him that this cross was just a marker of the way and since Donnacano could not read what had been written, Cartier managed to trick him in this way

International Accounting Standards Essay Example for Free

International Accounting Standards Essay †¢In your opinion, how would the AICPA adoption of International Accounting Standards potentially affect how American companies value inventory? Explain. †¢Why does the federal government allow for accelerated depreciation of fixed assets even when the useful life and utility of the assets clearly align more to straight-line depreciation? Explain. †¢In your opinion, why are some bonds sold at a discount and others at a premium? How does this affect the accounting for the bonds? When the terms premium and discount are used in reference to bonds, they are telling investors that the purchase price of the bond is either above or below its par value. For example, if a bond with a par value of $1,000 is selling at a premium when it can be bought for more than $1,000 and is selling at a discount when it can be bought for less than $1,000. Bonds can be sold for more and less than their par values because of changing interest rates. Like most fixed-income securities, bonds are highly correlated to interest rates. When interest rates go up, a bonds market price will fall and vice versa. To better explain this, lets look at an example. Imagine that the market interest rate is 3% today and you just purchased a bond paying a 5% coupon with a face value of $1,000. If interest rates go down by 1% from the time of your purchase, you will be able to sell the bond for a profit (or a premium ). This is because the bond is now paying more than the market rate (because the coupon is 5%). The spread used to be 2% (5%-3%), but its now increased to 3% (5%-2%). This is a simplified way of looking at a bonds price, as many other factors are involved; however, it does show the general relationship between bonds and interest rates. †¢What organizations are responsible for governing financial reporting? What is the role of each organization? How have the roles changed in the last 20 years? How might their roles change in the next 20 years?

Strategic business management

Strategic business management Introduction: Strategic business management has its roots in the thinking of the workforce; strategic thinking can no longer become a textual presence of words in the notebooks. The training programs and the meeting conducted at the sense of urgency do not mean that a company is on the right path. In the competitive era the stability of the market is doubted. Even though experts and analysts say the market is recovering from the slow down, the psychological impact that has changed the attitude of people had to be recovered, and it will take time on the long run. In this research of study certain tools and business strategies are used that exemplifies the impact that change bring in and how the company needs to manage the change. Resistance to chance would occur in the initial stages. The source of information that is used in this assignment. Comprises secondary data s by means of white papers, journals, magazines and case studies of the company were also used. The analysis part of this assignment includes the interpretation of psychological attitudes that exists when a change is implemented. And when a company decides to grow itself strategically impacts would be demographics and all the functional areas of the management such as production, operations, finance, human resource, marketing etc But all the outcomes of the results purely rely on the workforce and their attitude. The nature of the research is descriptive as the assignment examines the existing affairs of the company. And it also includes the Expost Facto method in sourcing of the datas. COMPANIES TAKEN IN TO CONSIDERATION FOR THE ASSIGNMENT: In this assignment as per the instructions laid down, as a must I have taken in to account the strategies and the process of International Business Machines one of the pioneers in information technology and computer hardware. And for the optional choice of opting the other company o have taken HONDA The power of Dreams, the reason I chose was personal and I always have a craze on the engine and the models of Honda. At the other end, Honda is known for its expansion and diversification in the recent past as they also pioneer in Intellectual Property Rights in getting the patent rights for their designs of engines. As this assignment needs a wide discussion on the change management I opted for Honda that has a strong workforce. TASK I SOURCES OF CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT CHANGE IS THE ONLY THING THAT CANNOT BE CHANGED without change it will be boredom for human beings and also for other living things. Liberalization, privatization and globalization all these have enhanced the frequency of occurrence of change. Competition exists everywhere smart people are defined by the way they adopt to change. Since the cultural impact plays a role in managing the change, traditional philosophy in the flow of communication in the management also defines the future. Information technology has created resistance to change, especially for the tradional and the baby boomers. As these generations of workforce stick on to the routine work and resist change. Not to blame them but its the responsibility for the management to sort out such things without dissatisfying. SOURCES OF CHANGE IN AN ORGANIZATION: PEST AND ITS ROLE ON CHANGE: Most of us would wonder the relation between a change and the PEST. _ SHAPE * MERGEFORMAT ____ POLITICAL: Legislative norms to be abided by the companies on the run might create a change in any of the management process. For example, few of the acts that had come in to enforcement like Paternity act and more had to be implemented by the human resource department. But the intentional movement and implications that are laid down by the ruling party should be abided by a company. This involves sudden change in the norms and the standard operating procedures followed by a company. But when again another party comes to ruling in the next 5 years another set of implications will be laid down at this time when a company is undergoing expansion it will face lot of resistance at this juncture. SOCIO CULTURAL: The employment opportunity that prevails in the current scenario is the worst of all times. The impact of the slowdown has thrown its roots psychologically in the mindset of the people and thus it has an impact on the productivity too. And the socio cultural patterns might also reflect on this as companies like Honda, IBM have a diversified workforce problems might arise when downsizing is done. The life style choices of the employees coming from various origins might also be reason to accept or refuse a change when a company diversifies its portfolio. And the cultural fit of new hires is also a subset that falls under this. TECHNOLOGICAL: Technological boom has helped the companies to automate work up to a great extent and the impact of the emerging technologies might have the urge to bring about a change in the organization. Internet intranet, remote and Tele Commuting has helped the workforce to balance their work and life. In order to beat the rivals and compete with them the Research and Development department has the key role and its is more or less dependent on the information technology. Change might also be viewed especially in this area. The transfer of technology when a company is in an expansion mode might also cause change and bring about problems. ECONOMICAL When a company is undergoing change either it is in an expansion mode the existing business cycle stage has its part for sure. Companies like HONDA, IBM are in the matured stage and so these factors contribute to the decisions that they take to opt for diversification. Pink slips and the unemployment rates along with the inflation and the growth rate have gone down. The U.S mortgage loan i.e., the sub prime crises has also hit the other markets and this is because of the reason the impact of globalization. The Labour costs and the availability of the manpower vs. the vacancies are also to be considered as these might force to bring about a change in an organization. TASK II INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES AND ITS CHANGE (STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT) International Business Machines pioneering in hardware, software and also in IT service this baby was born in the year 1896. Herman Hollerith being the founder he maintains about 398,455 employees globally. With enormous diversifications across the world it has one if the best strategic team that opens its ears across the changes form time to time. Recession is said to occur recently, but IBM had learnt on how to cope up the changes that occurs due to recession. In the late 1986, IBM faced a recession this is sadi to be one of the worst time the company had faced but to be http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1075217,00.html http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1075217,00. (date:21-12-09, time: 3.35p.m) IBM The recession in 1986: In 1986, the IBM has slum down its market capability. Since 1981, the sales have slipped about 35% to 29%. It has sales around 3 million in personal computer in the year 1981. The market has continuously slipped in the year of 1986. The profit has comes down as 4% and the sales also move slowly. The market share ranges as 133% to 125% in a week. 9,370 computers are launched for the customer during the period of 1986. But it is inefficient to transport the computers to other branches. The customer should not wait till the computer reach to them. Only Loyal customer may wait for that. The IBM has decreased the retail sales during this period and they sales to the NYNEY, the New York based company. The recession was followed by the launch of nearly 9370 computers in the market. In this case the value chain got struck as the lead time to reach the customers got delayed. The primary stream of the value chain was good still the secondary chain including the retailers, dealers was having some problem. This might be because of the mass production that the company was in to. This led to dissatisfaction among the new customers as the word of mouth turned bad and at the other end the loyal customers might also get dissatisfied. And this led to a decision of destructing the sales that IBM was handing over to retail sales. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1075217,00.html (date:22-12-09, time: 5.15p.m) The EXIM norms that were laid down at south Korea and Japan led to imports at low tariffs and the logistics returns were not goods the other end the rivals were opting for smart thinking with the emergence of laptops and mini computers the rivals were capturing the market share and at the end of the day IBM was forced to push down the selling of computers. http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-158239452.html (date:23-12-09, time: 3.45p.m) DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS: In the case of IBM the fame that it had in its own origin was relatively high. It is very usual that the local market and the perceptions among the retailers and the customers would be positive. And at the other end, the corporate social responsibility that IBM has served to the origin would also serve as a catalyst for further prospects in the same region. And when it comes to the products competitive strength even though the value chain of IBM has proved to be poor, the product fitness is said to be quiet good an even it could be considered as a competitive edge. INFERENCE: The marketing strategies of IBM solely rely on the 4Ps Product, Price, Promotion, and Place. Hence, the inference from the analysis is that the competitors for IBM is more and even in the period of 1987, besides the decline they have grabbed lot of eco friendly awards for ensuring the hazardous wastes to be low. And to the surprise, IBM made it to a percentage of 96% which none of them scored. And the recent initiative that IBM had made in the name of GO GREEN IBM, in which when a project head shouts GO Green all the employees under his belt switches off the monitor they by reducing the green house gas content to the maximum. Coming to the market growth IBM is making ways to expand its market to a greater extent in the presence of competitors the strategies should be focusing on converting the strength at ease by making use of the opportunities. And also the intelligence team and the Research and development team should keep itself updated right starting from the job cuts and the cos t cutting impacts and its relation with the consumer behavior. IBM goes Green Business Week,29/12/09,06.00.p.m IBM IN THE EXPANSION MODE: The strategic team consisting of around 6-8 people in the IBM strategic department devised a growth strategy for expanding its services in all directions. At this juncture the management was much more concerned about ensuring the following things: Setting up a new R D plant in the areas to be diversified. The workforce at these places might consist of experts and also few people with a diversified mixture. The expansion should ensure that the resources by all means should be utilized effectively and efficiently. No room for psychological deviations should exist at the time of expansion. Headhunting a competent workforce candidates from the rivals at the area where the company is expanding After considering the golden rules IBM decided to sketch the road map for calking out the expansion. At the time of expansion IBM was concerned about achieving the growth by means of hike in sales, profits, assets and also the stake holder satisfaction by enhancing the value of returns. Cost cutting at the same of expansion was also a challenge that was hiding behind. Implementation of Total quality Management tools such as 6 sigma, 5S were the areas where IBM ensured perfection. For this a team of quality circles were also appointed and expenses over the Training and development were turning high but they were continuing it expecting Return on Investment through Proper Reinforcement that as possible only when IBM provides a conducive climate for working. This task was then focused towards the Human Resource Department. Several research and surveys were conducted to measure the existing working climate at IBM plants and necessary changes were also made to ensure the reinforcement is witnessed VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL GROWTH PLANS OF IBM Soon after the plans got devised IBM started working at full phase, it was concentrating on enhancing the value chain in the secondary stream especially in the distributors and suppliers (retailers)and at the recent statistics IBM has gone for serving the customers at the door step. The use if SAP by means if ERP made the suppliers and the retailers to get connected directly. ERP VERTICAL GROWTH OF IBM: The need of Enterprise Resource planning across the service points was very high. IBM understood this and soon it acted on the opportunity. The extent of interaction went to such a level where the suppliers could place an order from the desktop of their service point to the production plant. This growth base was not easy as the implementation of ERP brought about psychological barriers. ERP implementation and Change Management: Both the backward and the forward integration was possible was IBM on the use of ERP. Still, resistance to change occurred at IBM and the company was pushed to the process of managing change. IBM CHANGE MANGEMENT STRATEGY THE LEWINS 3 STEP MODEL: IBM was in the process of managing the resistance to change that raised in the diversification of the plants as well as the implementation of ERP. UNFREEZING: IBM mad the communication transparent and so it also conveyed the plans for the growth in the individual career growth plan and devised ways to unfreeze the change. MOVEMENT: IBM ensured that the new state will reach soon and it also happened as per the devised plan. REFREEZING: IBM ensured the HR practice and the climate after their companies expansion at different areas did not affect the emotional quotient of the employees. Counseling and work life policies were also designed and certain fringe benefits also were provided Horizontal Growth: IBM also moved through the phase of horizontal growth and the acquisitions with the other companies like TOKYO OKHLOA and KOGYO CO LTD turned to be one of the successful strategic alliances by means of working through low consumption of solar energy. Diversification @ IBM: IBM devised new product lines and perfect products with the help of research and development dept .The diversification was a combination of both concentric as well as conglomerate. As the first involved in enhancing the production process with marketing strategies through the sales force and the later involved the merger in to the solar business industry. The new products at IBM after the year 1986 and the recent collaboration with LENOVO has also paved way for the emergence of laptops and other devices. IBM now is trying to capture the market where it has been lagging earlier the restructuring process at IBM under the guidance of CEO Louis U. Gerstner who rearranged the brand and the logos and also incorporated the GO GREEN. TASK III An international company and pioneer in manufacturing of engines. Equal competitor for the German automobile companies when no one dreamt of it this company right now stands as a leader in the automobile industry. The company surprised the customers and delighted them by selling its product CIVIC HYBRID. Yes of course its HONDA THE POWER OF DREAMS. These dreams were made true when a simple mechanic named Soichiro Honda founded the company in the year 1940 at Japan. Incepting with a normal 50 cc bike Honda has now emerged as the core competitor for the rivals. http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Honda-Passenger-Car-Industry/206913 http://www.1stgencivic.org/(date: 23-12-09, time: 5.45p.m) THE DOWNFALL OF HONDA: When we are asked to comment about HONDA we would say its leading company in the automobile industry, but the fact is like any other company Honda also faced a downturn and this was said to happen when the company failed to invest actual funds in to Research and development at the right time. This paved advantage to its competitors like Toyota and Nissan. As Honda was keen in designing the engine it failed to take in to account the customer perceptions and taste of the customers in other countries. Later, the company decided to opt for a strategic alliance to enhance the productivity and to capture the market share in the other countries other than its origin. When Hondas strategic alliance team was analyzing on which of the action to select it went for a mutual beneficial consortium with DONGFEN a Chinese company as this resulting in capturing of markets with cost cutting in the process that minimized waste of time and resource at certain levels. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/transport/6259440/Hondas-UK-plant-is- leading-the-car-industrys-revival.html(date:24-12-09, time: 6.21p.m) OTHER ALLIANCES: Honda did not stop with a mutual consortium it also decided to take along step of opting for a Joint Venture with Siel Siddhartha and it produced nearly 38,849 and nearly 15.5 million engines and this decision turned to be one of the most important moves that actually leveraged the financial risk of Honda. Honda also opted for a joint venture with siel followed by a value chain partnership which actually has now made Honda to be one of the pioneers in automobile manufacturing with one of the best in class total quality management and it has now captured the customers and had made them to be at the top of ladder of loyalty. Thus these strategic alliances with the other companies by means of value chain partnerships and joint ventures followed by a mutual consortium. The following were the pros that Honda acquired because of the strategic alliance. Research and development team got stronger and the company was able to make focus on a specific target of customers that also paved way to a decline in the risk that is to be bared individually rather it turned to be mutual risk and profit sharing decision. Thus by holding hands through strategic alliance Honda was able to strengthen its base and acquire more of the market. http://www.myautoupdater.com/a29182-world-class-honda-car-parts-sold.cfm(date:24 -12-09, time: 5.35p.m) TASK IV ASSESSMENT OF RISK INVOLVED IN RUNNING A NBFC BUSINESS Risk is there everywhere, with out proper assessment of risk even a traditional company would collapse in a short span of time. Risk management has been given more importance in the field of non banking financial corporation. The recent slow down that has rooted out from the sub prime crises has made all the industry to rethink of its strategies in opening and sustaining in the existing market. The initial investments that is required to run the business is relatively high. Some of the risk factors are discussed below: The nature of the financial product might not be very attractive as the rivals will be more in number. Finding out the small gap in this segment would be the challenge. The negative of financing would be the competition that the company would face form the banking industry as customers are more aware of the shortcomings in this regard. In the team of marketing the attrition rate has witnessed to be very high amidst the financial crises. The fancy incentives are not stable and so the income and the job security are also not constant. The marketing department would sell of the loans to the consumers but the problem rises when the collection team keeps on insisting the customers to repay the amount when fails leads to loss in the concern. The present rates that is prescribed by the government of u,k to run a business related to non banking financial industry is quiet tough to maintain. And moreover the issues of the corporate governance and the disclosure of the financial statements are the issues. The policies are now made stringent rather it was lenient those days that led to the recession. The task of processing the loan for a new commercial vehicle becomes an important risk factor as the appraisal of the customer and his pay back ability could fail at any time and more over the loss incurred in case of the customer failing to repay the amount is relatively high than in that of refinancing. RECOMMENDATIONS: The recommendations that I would put forward in this issue would be to follow the risk management and assessment tools usage and also the use of porters competitive strategy would be an optimal solution for the NBFC business. Cost Leadership: The NBFC is a service oriented sector and so the cost would be much more on the interest rates and the IRR value that the company would yield on the long run. The implications that are laid down by the government should be followed strictly. And also the mortgage loans would have an impact. Differentiation: In order to differentiate the products the NBFC industry is all complicated with lot of products and the mode reaching the customers and converting them in to a loyal customer by offering special loans based on the track records would be the solution on this function. Cost Focus: Nothing much on the cost focus is needed provided the interest rates are low. The above strategies would find out an optimal solution for the business to run successfully. Sekaran Uma, Strategic Management, published by Tata Mc Graw Hill, 2005(date: 23-12-09, time: 6.14p.m) BIBLIOGRALPHY: Mcshane L. Steven VonGlinow Ann Mary Sharma R. Radha, Organizational Behaviour, Published by Tata McGraw Hill, 2006 (date: 22-12-09) Robbins Stephen P, Organisational Behaviour, 12th Edition, published by Prentice Hall Pvt. 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